Korean/Words/Basics


-ㄱ-ㄲ-ㄴ-ㄷ-ㄸ-ㄹ-ㅁ-ㅂ-ㅃ-ㅅ-ㅆ-ㅇ-ㅈ-ㅉ-ㅊ-ㅋ-ㅌ-ㅍ-ㅎ-
말+/말씀+/물+/불+
a2z/Basics/News/Notes/Table/Legend/Sandbox
 
Chinese Seal script for 덕 (德, deog, "virtue")
 
Chinese Seal script for 득 (得, deug, "usefulness, utility")
Roman: deog
Hanja: 德
Noun
  1. 도덕적ㆍ윤리적 이상을 실현해 나가는 인격적 능력. 공정하고 남을 넓게 이해하고 받아들이는 마음이나 행동. 베풀어 준 은혜나 도움. 착한 일을 하여 쌓은 업적과 어진 덕. [1]
    virtue [2]
Comparatives
Germanic Norse
()
가다 (gada)
  • go
Infinitive
  • Korean: 가다 (ga-da)
  • Old English: gān
  • Middle English: gon
  • English: to go [4]
  • Danish: at gå [5]
  • Dutch: gaan
  • German: gehen
  • Norwegian: gå
  • Swedish: gå
imperative
  • Korean: 가 (ga)
  • Old English: gā
  • English: go
  • Danish: gå
  • Dutch: ga
  • German: geh
  • Norwegian: gå
  • Swedish: gå
 
Swiss traffic light for pedestrian Go!
굳 (gut)
  • pit, hollow, cavity
    cf. ditch, gote, gut [6]

See also

  • [#둑]] (duk, "dyke")
까까 (kkakka)
Norse
  • Old Norse: kaka
  • Danish: kage
  • Faroese: kaka
  • Icelandic: kaka
  • Norwegian: kake
  • Swedish: kaka
Others
  • Dutch: koek
  • English: cake
  • German: Kuchen
  • Estonian: kook
  • Finnish: kakku
  • Greek: κέικ (kéik)
 
A layer cake from which a slice has been removed.
난쟁이 (nan-jaeng`i)
낮다 (nat-da)
dwarf
  • Ancient Greek: νᾶνος (nânos)
  • Latin: nanus
  • Catalan: nan, nano
  • French: nain
  • Italian: nano
  • Lombard: nan
  • Portuguese: anão
  • Spanish: enano
nether
  • Dutch neder
  • German nieder
  • Danish: ned
  • Norwegian: ned
  • Swedish: ned
  • Faroese: niður
  • Icelandic: niður
 
Nain assis (Seated Dwarf, 19th century), a painting in the style of Spanish artist Francisco Goya
낳다 (nat-da)
놓다 (not-da)
  • to lay, say, an egg
lay (an egg)
  • Dutch: leggen
  • German: legen
  • Norwegian: legge
  • Swedish: lägga
 
Newborn rests as caregiver checks breath sounds.
내 (nae)
  • river, rivulet
    cf. The names of many European rivers
  • Danube, French Danube, Danish Donau, Dutch Donau, German Donau, Hungarian Duna, Icelandic Dóná, Polish Dunaj, Russian Дуна́й (Dunáj), Slovak Dunaj, Sorbian Dunaj, Turkish Tuna, Ukrainian: Дуна́й (Dunáj)
  • Daugava aka. Duna, Dutch Westelijke Dvina, German Düna, Icelandic Dvína, Latin Duina Occidentalis, Portuguese Rio Duína Ocidental, Slovak Západná Dvina, Sloven Zahodna Dvina
  • Garonne, Catalan Garona, French Garonne, Italian Garonna, Latin Garumna, Occitan Garona, Portuguese Garona, Spanish Garona
  • Rhine, German Rhein, Hungarian Rajna, Latvian Reina, Macedonian Ра́јна (Rájna), Serbo-Croatian Рајна (Rajna)
  • Seine, Albanian Sena, Azerbaijani Sena, Bulgarian: Се́на (Séna), Czech Seina, Estonian Seine, Finnish Seine, French Seine, German Seine, Hungarian Szajna, Icelandic Signa, Italian Senna, Norwegian Seine, Portuguese Sena, Russian Се́на (Séna), Slovak Seina, Slovene Sena, Spanish Sena, Swedish Seine, Ukrainian Се́на (Séna)
누나 (nuna)
nun, sister
  • Danish: nonne, søster
  • Dutch: non, zuster
  • English: nun, sister
  • Faroese: nunna, systir
  • French: nonne, sœur
  • German: Nonne, Schwester
 
Nuns aka. sisters [8]
닙 (nip) > 입 (ip)
 
Lips
닢 (nip) > 잎 (ip)
 
A leaf
담 (dam)

See also:

  • 담벽 (dam-beok, "wall")
  • #벽 (byeok, "wall")
  • #둑 (duk, "dyke")
dam #Translations
  • Danish: dæmning
  • Dutch: dam
  • German: Damm
  • Korean: 댐 (daem) [9]
  • Norwegian: dam, demning
  • Russian: да́мба (dámba)
  • Swedish: damm
덕 (deok)

See also:

  • Afrikaans: deug
  • Danish: dyd
  • Dutch: deugd
  • German: Tugend
  • Icelandic: dyggð
  • Korean: 덕(德, deok) cf. 득(得, deuk)
  • Norwegian: dygd
  • Old Norse: dygð
  • Swedish: dygd
 
덕 (德, deok, "virtue")
 
득 (得, deuk, "virtue") [10]
두다 (du-da)
  • to put, lay, cf. do
둑 (duk)

See also:

dyke "barrier to prevent flooding"
  • Bulgarian: дига (diga)
  • Catalan: dic
  • Danish: dige
  • Dutch: dijk
  • French: digue
  • German: Deich
  • Italian: diga
  • Korean: 둑 (duk)
  • Latin: diga
  • Portuguese: dique
  • Spanish: dique
  • Estonian: tamm
  • Russian: да́мба (dámba)
thick
  • Danish: tyk
  • Dutch: dik, dikke
  • German: dick
  • Norwegian: tykk
  • Swedish: tjock
See also
 
"Schematic cross-section of Offa's Dyke, showing the design intended to protect Mercia against attacks/raids from Powys."[17]

The deep ditch makes the high dyke. Korean (gud, "ditch") is the anagram as well as antonym of (dug, "dyke").

둔 (dun) 屯 [18]

See also:

hillfort
hill
 
Bird's-eye view of Verdun [21] in 1638
둔치 (dun-chi)
  • dune, sand dune, cf. thin

See also

  • 둔덕 (dun-deok)
  • 두덩 (dudeong) [22]
dune
  • Dutch: duin
  • French: dune
  • Galician: duna
  • German: Düne
  • Italian: duna
  • Korean: 둔(屯) (dun), 둔덕 (dundeok), 둔치 (dunchi), 모래톱 (moraetop), 사구(砂丘) (sagu)
  • Norwegian: dyne
  • Portuguese: duna
  • Spanish: duna
  • Swedish: dyn
See also
  • Bulgarian: дю́на (djúna)
  • Czech: duna
  • Finnish: dyyni
  • Hungarian: dűne
  • Russian: дю́на (djúna)
thin
  • Danish: tyn ?
  • Dutch: dun
  • English: thin
  • German: dünn
  • Norwegian: tynn
  • Swedish: tunn
 
Dunes
로래 (rorae) > 노래 (norae)
  • song cf. Lorelei, maybe meaning "singing rock"
w: Lorelei
"Lorelei, siren of Germanic mythology, of great beauty and delicious song, who was placed on a rock on the Rhine and with her song seduced the navigators. ..." Meanwhile, Etymology argues for "murmuring rock", sounding incoherent.
 
Lorelei
말 (mal)
  • language, speech
Norse
  • Old Norse: mál
  • Faroese: mál
  • Icelandic: mál
  • Danish: mål
  • Norwegian: mål
  • Swedish: mål
See also
 
The Tower of Babel [24]
The Tower of Babel narrative in Genesis 11:1–9 is an origin myth meant to explain why the world's peoples speak different languages. [25] Nevertheless,
God confused no language;
people have made so many!
말 (mal)
  • horse cf. mare
  • large

See also:

horse, mare
  • Old English: mearh → mīere ("mare")
  • Old Norse: marr → merr ("mare")
  • Old Frisian: mar → Dutch: merrie ("mare")
  • Old High German: marah → German: Mähre ("mare")
  • Icelandic: mar → meri ("mare")
  • Norwegian: merr ("mare")
  • Swedish: märr ("mare")
  • Irish: marc ("horse")
  • Welsh: march ("horse")
large
mule [26]
  • Czech: mula
  • Danish: muldyr
  • Dutch: muildier
  • Estonian: muul
  • Finnish: muuli
  • French: mule
  • German: Maultier, Muli
  • Italian: mulo
  • Latin: mūlus
  • Latvian: mūlis
  • Lithuanian: mulas
  • Norwegian: muldyr
  • Old English: mūl
  • Polish: muł
  • Portuguese: mulo, mula
  • Romanian: mul
  • Russian: мул (mul)
  • Slovak: mul
  • Slovene: mula
  • Spanish: mulo, mula
  • Swedish: mula
  • Ukrainian: мул (mul)
 
Man o' War (1917-1947) [27] at the age of three
 
a mule
말거머리 (mal-geomeori)
  • horse leech
Wiktionary
  • Chinese: 馬蛭, 马蛭 (mǎzhì)
  • Czechs: pijavka koňská
  • Estonian: hobukaan
  • Finnish: hevosjuotikas
  • German: Pferdeegel
  • Hungarian: lópióca
  • Japanese: ウマヒル (umahiru) [28]
  • Korean: 말거머리 (malgeomeori)
  • Norwegian: hesteigle
  • Polish: pijawka końska
  • Russian: конская пиявка f (kónskaja pijávka)
  • Swedish: hästigel
  • Vietnamese: đỉa trâu [29]
Wikipedia
 
A horse leech
말뫼 (mal-moe)
 
A huge tumulus in Malmö
말밤 (mal-bam) 末栗
  • water caltrop aka. water chestnut
*말밤 (mal-bam) *馬栗
  • horse chestnut
 
A horse chestnut tree
 
Horse chestnut fruits
 
Water caltrop, aka. water chestnut (Trapa natans cf. Trapa japonica) fruits
말벌 (mal-beol)
  • hornet, lit. "horse bee"
말벌 #Korean
(mal, "horse") + (beol, "bee")
馬蜂 #Chinese
(, "horse") + (fēng, "bee")
морин зөгий #Mongolian [31]
морин (morin, "horse") + зөгий (zögij, "bee")
eşek arısı #Turkish
eşek (eşek, "mule") + arısı (arısı, "bee's")
ձիաբոռ #Armenian
ձի (ji, "horse") + ա (a, interfix) + բոռ (boṙ, "bee")
lódarázs #Hungarian
(, "horse") + darázs (darázs, "bee")
shellan cabbyl #Manx
shellan ("bee") + cabbyl ("horse")
פֿערדבין #Yiddish
פֿערד‎ (ferd, "horse") +‎ בין‎ (bin, "bee")
*pferdebiene #German
Pferd ("horse") + e + Biene ("bee") [32]
*horse bee #English
horse ("horse") + bee ("bee")
 
A hornet or namely *horse-bee
맘마 (mamma)
  • pop
못 (mot)
  • pond

See also

  • 성밑못 (seong-mit-mot) 城下池
lit. "pond below defensive wall", hence moat
  1. moat, fosse, cf. Dutch haag "enclosure"
  2. boundary, edge, cf. hedge
pond
  • Danish: dam
  • Norwegian: dam
  • Swedish: damm
  • German: Teich
  • Estonian: tiik
  • Latvian: dīķis
  • Korean: 방죽 (bangjuk) [33]
moat [34] [35]
 
A pond
뫃다 (mot-da)
> 모으다 (moeu-da) vt.
  • to collect, gather, bring together cf. motte,[38] mount, mound

See also

  • 모이다 (moi-da) vi. to come togather cf. meet
w: Motte-and-bailey castle

A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade.

 
A reconstruction of York Castle in the 14th century.
물 (mul)
  • water cf. Latin mare

See also

mare "sea"
  • Belarusian: мо́ра (móra)
  • Breton: mor
  • Bulgarian: море́ (moré)
  • Catalan: mar
  • Czech: moře
  • Estonian: meri
  • Finnish: meri
  • French: mer
  • Galician: mar
  • German: Meer
  • Irish: muir
  • Italian: mare
  • Latin: mare
  • Livonian: mer, mier
  • Russian: мо́ре (móre)
  • Serbo-Croatian: море (more)
  • Slovak: more
  • Slovene: morje
  • Ukrainian: мо́ре (móre)
물레 (mulle)
  • mill, spinning wheel
바다 (bada)
  • sea cf. Latin mare etc.

See also:

sea [39]
  • Danish: sø, hav
  • Dutch: zee
  • German: See, Meer
  • Norwegian: sjø, hav
  • Swedish: sjö, hav
 
The sea.
반달족 (bandal-jok)
  • Vandal
#방죽 (bangjuk) 防築 [40]
  • dyke cf. German Deich
  • pond cf. German Teich

See also:

벽 (byeok) 壁
  • wall

See also:

wall
  • Danish: væg
  • Icelandic: veggur
  • Korean: 벽 (byeok)
  • Norway: vegg
  • Swedish: vägg
보풀 (bopul)
  • fluff, fuzz, nap cf. Latin populus
people
  • Latin: populus
  • Manx: pobble
  • Welsh: pobl
poplar
  • Latin: pōpulus
  • Danish: poppel
  • Dutch: populier
  • Estonian: pappel
  • Finnish: poppeli
  • French: peuplier
  • German: Pappel
  • Italian: pioppo
  • Manx: pobbyl
  • Norwegian: poppel
  • Swedish: poppel
 
The seeds of the poplar tree are easily dispersed by the wind, thanks to the fine hairs surrounding them.
복 (bok) 腹


belly
  • Catalan: buc
  • Danish: bug
  • Dutch: buik
  • English: bouk
  • German: Bauch
  • Irish: bolg
  • Korean: 복(腹) (bok)
  • Norwegian: buk
  • Swedish: buk
 
The belly of a pregnant woman.
불 (bul)
  • fire cf. pyre
fire
  • Ancient Greek: πῦρ (pûr)
  • Old English: fȳr
  • Danish: fyr
  • Dutch: vuur
  • German Feuer
pyre
  • Greek: πυρά (purá)
  • Italian: pira
  • Latin: pyra
  • Portuguese: pira
  • Spanish: pira
See also
  • Old English bæl
  • Old Norse: bál
  • Danish: bål (“pyre”)
  • Icelandic: bál
  • Norwegian: bål
  • Swedish: bål (“pyre”)
 
Fire
사랑 (sarang)
  • Belarusian: сало́н (salón), зал (zal)
  • Bulgarian: сало́н (salón), за́ла (zála)
  • Chinese: 大廳 (dàtīng) [42]
  • Dutch: zaal
  • English: salon, sala
  • French: salon, salle
  • German: Salon, Saal
  • Finnish: salonki
  • Hungarian: szalon
  • Italian: salone, sala
  • Korean: 사랑 (sarang)
  • Norwegian: sal
  • Portuguese: salão
  • Russian: сало́н (salón), зал (zal)
  • Spanish: salón, sala
  • Swedish: salong, sal
 
Korean salon
 
European 17th century salon
술 (sul)
  • liquor cf. sour
시울 (siul)
  • edge as of eyes and lips cf. shawl
 
A woman wearing a shawl
아들 (adeul)
  • son
오름 (oreum)
  • mount (Jeju)
왕게 (wang-ge) 王게
  • king crab, literally and actually
w: en: King crab - since circa 2004
 
King crab
Wiktionary
Three entries
  • Chinese: 皇帝蟹 (huángdìxiè)
  • Finnish: kuningasrapu
  • Navajo: chʼoshtsoh bikágí diwozhí
w: en: Red_king_crab - since 2020 [45]
 
Red king crab
Wiktionary
No entry
잉걸 (inggeol)
 
Ablazing charcoal [47]
자벌레 (ja-beolle)
  • measuring worm
  • inchworm
  • spanworm
  • geometrid
  • Geometridae
Wiktionary
  • Chinese: 尺蠖 (chǐhuò)
  • Finnish: mittarimato
  • Japanese: 尺蠖 (shakkaku)
  • Korean: 자벌레 (jabeolle)
Wikipedia
 
Measuring worm
 
Ruler
지렁이 (jireong-i) [48]
earthworm [地龍]
  • Dutch: aardworm
  • French: ver de terre
  • German: Erdwurm
  • Korean: 지렁이 (jireong'i)
rainworm [雨龍]
  • Old English: reġnwyrm
  • Danish: regnorm
  • Dutch: regenworm
  • German: Regenwurm
 
Earthworm
치우 (chiu) 蚩尤
  • Chiyou cf. Tuesday
텽집 (tyeongjip) 廳집 > *청집
풀무 (pulmu)

See also:

bellows [54]
  • Danish: blæsebælg
  • Dutch: blaasbalg
  • English: bellows cf. belly
  • German: Blasebalg
  • Norwegian: blåsebelg
lung
  • French: poumon
  • Friulian: palmon
  • Galician: pulmón
  • Italian: polmone
  • Latin: pulmo
  • Occitan: palmon
  • Portuguese: pulmão
  • Spanish: pulmón
 
The bellows inhale and exhale as the lungs do.
 
The lungs inhale and exhale as the bellows do.
해자 (haeja) 垓子/垓字
  • moat, fosse, cf. Dutch haag "enclosure"
  • boundary, edge, cf. hedge

See also

  • #못 (mot, "pond; fosse")
 
What Nanjing looked like in the Ming Dynasty.
Note its well-done defensive wall and moat.
햇귀엣골 (haetqwietgol)
  • halo, cf. wheel
wheel
  • Old English: hwēol, hweogol
  • Dutch: wiel
  • Danish: hjul
  • Icelandic: hjól
  • Norwegian: hjul
  • Swedish: hjul
 
A solar halo like a wheel
( )
Footnotes
  1. https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=덕
  2. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/덕
  3. (Scotland, Northern England, obsolete) might, strength
  4. English infinitive prefix "to" replaced the suffixes of Middle English gon and Old English gān, which are equivalent to Dutch "-an", German "-en", and Korean "-다". What a revolution!
  5. The infinitive-marker "at" (infinitive-marker, obligatory when the infinitive functions as noun phrase or an adverbial phrase, but omitted when it is governed by a modal verb)
  6. "6. A narrow passage of water"
  7. You may be very unhappy with this vital idium, which has no Translations.
  8. What a coincidence it is that all wear glasses!
  9. Borrowed from English dam
  10. 덕 (德, deok)과 통용
  11. dike @ Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary
    1. an artufucial watercourse : DITCH
    2. a: (dial Brit) a wall or fence of turf or stone
      b: a bank usu. of earth constructed to control or confine water : LEVEE
      c: a barrier preventing passage esp. of something undirable
    3. a: a raised courseway
      b: a tabular body of igneous rock that has been injected while molten into a fissure
  12. dyke @ Wiktionary
    1. (historical) A long, narrow hollow dug from the ground to serve as a boundary marker.
    2. A long, narrow hollow dug from the ground to conduct water.
    3. (dialect) Any navigable watercourse.
    4. (dialect) Any watercourse.
    5. (dialect) Any small body of water.
    6. (obsolete) Any hollow dug into the ground.
    7. (now chiefly Australia, slang) A place to urinate and defecate: an outhouse or lavatory.
    8. An embankment formed by the creation of a ditch.
    9. (obsolete) A city wall.
    10. (now chiefly Scotland) A low embankment or stone wall serving as an enclosure and boundary marker.
    11. (dialect) Any fence or hedge.
    12. An earthwork raised to prevent inundation of low land by the sea or flooding rivers.
    13. (figuratively) Any impediment, barrier, or difficulty.
    14. A beaver's dam.
    15. (dialect) A jetty; a pier.
    16. A raised causeway.
    17. (dialect, mining) A fissure in a rock stratum filled with intrusive rock; a fault.
    18. (geology) A body of rock (usually igneous) originally filling a fissure but now often rising above the older stratum as it is eroded away.
  13. ditch @ Wiktionary
    1. A trench; a long, shallow indentation, as for irrigation or drainage.
    2. (Ireland) A raised bank of earth and the hedgerow on top.
    Translations "trench"
    • Icelandic: díki
    • Scottish Gaelic: dìg
    • Swedish: dike
  14. Ditch @ Wikipedia
    A ditch is a small to moderate divot created to channel water. A ditch can be used for drainage, to drain water from low-lying areas, alongside roadways or fields, or to channel water from a more distant source for plant irrigation. [...]
    Etymology
    In Anglo-Saxon, the word dïc already existed and was pronounced "deek" in northern England and "deetch" in the south. The origins of the word lie in digging a trench and forming the upcast soil into a bank alongside it. This practice has meant that the name dïc was given to either the excavation or the bank, and evolved to both the words "dike"/"dyke" and "ditch".

    Thus Offa's Dyke is a combined structure and Car Dyke is a trench, though it once had raised banks as well. [...]

  15. Both are confused.
  16. Few cognates
  17. "The generally accepted theory of the earthwork attributes most of its construction to Offa, King of Mercia from 757 to 796."
    1. 진 둔
    fort, fortress, hillfort
    1. 언덕 둔
    hill
  18. Etymology reads "The term comes from Irish dún or Scottish Gaelic dùn (meaning "fort"), and is cognate with Old Welsh din (whence Welsh dinas "city" comes)." Then, Whence did English borrowed wikt: dun#Etymology 7 "A mound or small hill" and wikt: dune?
  19. Wikipedia
    Comments
    • Relevant Korean editors seem to acknowledge Sino-Korean 둔(屯, dun), as English dun sounds IPA: /dʌn/.
    • All the other (Western) languages may temporarily borrow English dun, which has few or no cognates.
  20. The name means "strong fort"
    • 눈두덩 (nun-) "eyelid"
    • 씹두덩 (ssip-) "mons veneris, mons pubis"
  21. ... Old English māl (“speech, contract, agreement, lawsuit, terms, bargaining”), from Old Norse mál (“agreement, speech, lawsuit”); related to Old English mæðel (“meeting, council”), mæl (“speech”) ...
  22. by Pieter Bruegel the Elder (1563)
  23. According to the story, a united human race in the generations following the Great Flood, speaking a single language and migrating eastward, comes to the land of Shinar. There they agree to build a city and a tower tall enough to reach heaven. God, observing their city and tower, confounds their speech so that they can no longer understand each other, and scatters them around the world.
  24. Cognates appear in almost all European languages.
  25. Man o' War won 20 of 21 races.
  26. This should be: ウマビル (umabiru).
  27. Uniquely related to "water buffalo" rather than "horse"
  28. ... meaning "gravel pile" ...
  29. Etymology: Probably a calque of Chinese 馬蜂 (mǎfēng).
  30. cf. Pferdeameise ("horse ant"), Pferdebremse ("horse fly"), Pferdeegel ("horse leech"), Pferdefliege ("horse fly").
    1. 물이 밀려들어 오는 것을 막기 위하여 쌓은 둑 (dyke) cf. German Deich
    2. 파거나, 둑으로 둘러막은 못 (pond) cf. German Teich
  31. This has no European cognate. And Etymology is strange. Therefore, it looks like a borrowing from Korean 못 (mot, "pond").
  32. Etymology
    From Middle English mote, from Old French mote (“mound, embankment”); compare also Old French motte (“hillock, lump, clod, turf”), from Medieval Latin mota (“a mound, hill”), of Germanic origin, ...
  33. Not attested
  34. Not attested
  35. w: Motte-and-bailey castle
  36. Etymology
    compare Latin saevus (“wild, fierce”) cf. Korean 세다 (se-da) "fierce"
    1. 물이 밀려들어 오는 것을 막기 위하여 쌓은 둑. (dyke)
    2. 파거나, 둑으로 둘러막은 못. (pond)
    European confusions of solid structure and liquid body
    • English: dam
    • Danish: dam
    • Norwegian: dam
    • Swedish: damm
    • German: Deich, Teich
    • Estonian: tiik
    • Latvian: dīķis
  37. Etymology
    Old English belg, bælg, bæliġ (“bag, pouch, bulge”), [...] Cognate with Dutch balg, German Balg, Danish bælg. Doublet of bellows, blague, bulge and budge. See also bellows.
  38. cf. #텽집 (廳집 tyeong-jip)
  39. Some readers may miss w: is: Kóngakrabbi.
  40. Some readers may prefer the common nomenclature w: nl: Koningskrab to this sophistication.
  41. "This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot. Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as Reflinks (documentation), reFill (documentation) and Citation bot (documentation). (August 2022)"
  42. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/잉걸
    1. blaze, flare, glare, ingle (as of charcoal, etc.)
  43. Namely, Binchōtan
  44. Corruption of 지룡(地龍), lit. "earth dragon"
  45. Old English wyrm "worm; snake; dragon" hence "earth dragon"
  46. cf. 우룡(雨龍), lit. "rain dragon"
  47. 雨龍・螭龍 (あまりょう)
    精選版 日本国語大辞典の解説
    1. 中国における想像上の動物。雨を起こすといわれる。龍の一種で、とかげに似ているが、大形で、角がなく、尾は細く、全身青黄色という。うりょう。あまりゅう。みずち。
  48. 3. (informal or archaic) The lungs.
  49. The idea of "bellows" is related to "belly" in Germanic and more properly to "lung" in Latin.
  50. bellows#Etymology 1
    See also belly
 
Die Flagge der Einheit
The German Unity Flag
"Dem Deutschen Volke"
"To the German People" (inscribed motto)
Roman: tteut
Noun
  1. 무엇을 하겠다고 속으로 먹는 마음. 말이나 글, 또는 어떠한 행동 따위로 나타내는 속내. 어떠한 일이나 행동이 지니는 가치나 중요성. [1] [2]
    intention; meaning, signification; significance
Compounds
  • 뜻하다 (-hada, "to intend, mean, signify")
  • 뜻맞다 (-majda, "to agree; to be of a mind")
  • 뜻대로 (-daero, "at will, in one's own way"
  • 뜻밖 (-bakk, "surprise, accidence")
Relatives
  • (mal, "speech, language")
  • 말씀 (mal-sseum, honorific "speech, language")
  • 말뜻 (mal-tteut, "linguistic meaning") [3]
  • 띠앗 (ttiat, "brotherhood, fraternity, friendliness") cf. theodism
Inventions
  • 덕의지 (德意志, deog-uiji) (Chinese)
  • 독일 (獨逸, dog-il) (Japanese)
  • 도이치 (道理致, 導理致, doichi) (new Korean)
Comparatives
Proto-Germanic *þiudijaną
  1. (transitive, +instrumental) to associate (with); engage with; attach to; join (with); connect
  2. to interpret; point out; explain
Etymology
Origin obscure. Possibly a conflated word, partly from *þeudō (“people”), ...; and partly from *þeudjaz, *þiudiz (“good, friendly”), ...
Descendants
  • Old High German: diuten
    • German: deuten
      1. to interpret (e.g. dreams)
      2. to point at (with auf + accusative)
  • Middle Dutch: dieden, duden
    1. to explain
    2. to mean, to signify
    3. to tell
    4. (with a negative) to be valid
    5. (with a negative) to be helpful, useful
    • Dutch: duiden
      1. (transitive) to point to, refer to, suggest
      2. (transitive) to explain, clarify
  • Old English: þīedan, þēodan
    1. to join, attach
    2. to join, associate with, or attach one's self to somebody or somebody's group
  • Old Norse: þýða
    1. to explain, interpret
    2. to signify
    • Danish: tyde
      1. interpret
      2. decipher, read
    • Faroese: týða
      1. to translate
    • Icelandic: þýða
      1. (transitive, takes the accusative) to translate a language
      2. to mean, to signify
    • Norwegian: tyde, tyda
      1. to interpret, decipher
      2. to mean
      3. to indicate
    • Swedish: tyda
      1. to interpret; to understand the meaning of
      2. to indicate; to give a hint about an otherwise unknown fact

노래

edit
 
The Lorelei rock (1900) [4]
The Lorelei (song) [5]
 
Siren from Myrina, first century BC (before Christ)
 
Kristus i Getsemane (1873), an angel comforting Jesus before his arrest in the Garden of Gethsemane,[6] by Carl Heinrich Bloch (1834–1890).
Roman: norae
Older: 로래 (rorae)
Noun [7] [8]
  1. 가사에 곡조를 붙여 목소리로 부를 수 있게 만든 음악. 또는 그 음악을 목소리로 부름.
    song, singing.
Compounds
  • 노래방 (-bang, "karaoke" literally "singing room" popular in South Korea)
  • 노랫말 (-mal, "lyrics")
Comparatives
  • Lorelei #English
    Etymology
    Borrowed from German Lorelei (“siren of Rhine”), not used as a given name in Germany. [9] [10]
  • Lorelei § Etymology
    The name comes from the old German words lureln, Rhine dialect for 'murmuring', and the Celtic term ley "rock". The translation of the name would therefore be: 'murmur rock' or 'murmuring rock'. [...] Other theories attribute the name to the many boating accidents on the rock, by combining the German verb lauern ('to lurk, lie in wait') with the same "ley" ending, with the translation "lurking rock".
  • Siren § Appearance
    The first-century Roman historian Pliny the Elder discounted Sirens as a pure fable, [...] In his notebooks, Leonardo da Vinci wrote, "The siren sings so sweetly that she lulls the mariners to sleep; then she climbs upon the ships and kills the sleeping mariners."
  • Siren § Christian belief and modern reception
    By the fourth century, when pagan beliefs were overtaken by Christianity, the belief in literal sirens was discouraged. [...]
    The early Christian euhemerist interpretation of mythologized human beings received a long-lasting boost from Isidore's Etymologiae:
    [The Greeks] imagine that "there were three Sirens, part virgins, part birds," with wings and claws. "One of them sang, another played the flute, the third the lyre. They drew sailors, decoyed by song, to shipwreck. According to the truth, however, they were prostitutes who led travelers down to poverty and were said to impose shipwreck on them." They had wings and claws because Love flies and wounds. [...]
  • Mermaid § Origins
    The sirens of Greek mythology (especially the Odyssey), conceived of as half-bird and half-woman, gradually shifted to the image of a fish-tailed woman. [...]
    Some attributes of Homer's sirens, such as the enticement of men and their beautiful song, also became attached to the mermaid.
  • Angel § Interaction
    • In Luke 22:43 an angel comforts Jesus Christ during the Agony in the Garden.
    • Pope John Paul II emphasized the role of angels in Catholic teachings in his 1986 address titled "Angels Participate In History Of Salvation", in which he suggested that modern mentality should come to see the importance of angels.
    • According to the Vatican's Congregation for Divine Worship and Discipline of the Sacraments, "The practice of assigning names to the Holy Angels should be discouraged, except in the cases of Gabriel, Raphael and Michael whose names are contained in Holy Scripture."
  • Angel § Islam
    In Islam, just like in Judaism and Christianity, angels are often represented in anthropomorphic forms combined with supernatural images, such as wings, being of great size or wearing heavenly articles. The Quran describes them as "messengers with wings -- two, or three, or four (pairs): He [God] adds to Creation as He pleases..." Common characteristics for angels are their missing needs for bodily desires, such as eating and drinking. Their lack of affinity to material desires is also expressed by their creation from light: Angels of mercy are created from nur (cold light) in opposition to the angels of punishment created from nar (hot light). [11]
 
A dale, cf. dell [12]
 
A vale, or valley
 
Дала (dala, "steppe")
 
A wadi in Egypt
Roman: deul
Older: 듫 (deulh), 드릏 (deureuh), 드르 (deureu)
Noun [13] [14]
(Dually comparative definition)
  1. ( cf. dale) 매우 넓게 트인 또는 드러난 펀펀한 땅. 들판.
  2. ( cf. vale) 조금 넓게 트인 또는 벌어진 판판한 땅. 벌판.
Compounds
(Related to the wide wilderness, or dale rather than vale)
  • 들꽃 (-kkoch, "wild flower")
  • 들국화 (-gughwa, "wild chrysanthemum")
  • 들장미 (jangmi, "wild rose")
  • 들쥐 (-jwi, "wild rat")
  • 들짐승 (deul-jimseung, "wild, feral animal" like a deer [15])
Synomyms
Comparatives

¶ Wide steppe vs. narrow wadi

steppe #Translations wadi #Translations
Bashkir: дала (dala)
Kazakh: дала (dala)
Kyrgyz: талаа (talaa)
Mongolian: тал (tal)
Tatar: дала (dala) 
& 
Georgian: ველი (veli)
  
 
  
Catalan: uadi
Czech: vádí 
Dutch: wadi 
English: wadi
<!-- German: Wadi -->
Finnish: vadi 
French: oued 
Hungarian: vádi
Italian: uadi
Polish: ued 

valley meaning "an elongated depression between hills or mountains, often with a river flowing through it."

Azerbaijani: dərə / vadi
Belarusian: далі́на (dalína)
Bulgarian: доли́на (dolína)
Czech: dolina 
Danish: dal 
Dutch: dal / vallei
English: dale / valley, vale
Faroese: dalur 
German: Tal 
* Pennsylvania German: Daal / Waelli
Gothic: 𐌳𐌰𐌻 (dal)
Hunsrik: Daal 
Icelandic: dalur 
Kurdish: دۆڵ‎ (doll)
* Northern Kurdish: dehl 
Luxembourgish: Dall 
Macedonian: долина (dolina)
Mongolian: тал (tal) 
Norwegian: dal 
Old Church Slavonic: долъ (dolŭ)
Old Norse: dalr
Pashto: دره‎ (dará)
Persian: دره‎ (darre) / وادی‎ (vâdi)
Polish: dolina 
Russian: доли́на (dolína)
Serbo-Croatian: долина (dolina) 
Slovak: dolina 
Slovene: dolína 
Upper Sorbian: doł 
Swedish: dal 
Tajik: дара (dara) / водӣ (vodī) 
Turkmen: dere
Ukrainian: доли́на (dolýna)
West Frisian: dal 
Yiddish: טאָל‎ (tol)
Aromanian: vale 
Asturian: valle 
Azerbaijani: vadi / dərə 
Catalan: vall 
Dutch: vallei / dal
English: valley, vale / dale 
French: vallée, val
Friulian: val 
Galician: val 
Hindi: वादी (vādī)
Hungarian: völgy
Italian: valle 
Latin: valles, vallis 
Norman: vallée 
Novial: vale
Occitan: val 
Old French: valee 
Pennsylvania German: Waelli / Daal 
Persian: وادی‎ (vâdi) / دره‎ (darre)
Portuguese: vale 
Romanian: vale 
Romansch: val 
Sardinian: badde, baddi, vadde
Sicilian: vaddi, valli
Spanish: valle
Tajik: водӣ (vodī) / дара (dara)
Turkish: vadi 
Urdu: وادی‎ (vādī)
Uyghur: ۋادى‎ (wadi)
Uzbek: vodiy 
Venetian: val, vałe
 
  
 
  

미르

edit
 
"A fisherboy dived into the water and brought up a pearl from beneath the chin of a black dragon." From Chinese Fairy Book (Richard Wilhelm)/45
Artist: George W. Hood
 
Saint George killing the dragon, 1430-1435, painted by Bernat Martorell
(Art Institute of Chicago).
Roman: mireu
Alias: 미리 (miri)
Noun [17] [18]
  1. ‘용’의 옛말.
    (obsolete) The oriental dragon with a very long body.[19]
Synonyms
  • (, yong, North Korean ryong, Chinese long cf. English long) [20]
Compounds
Relatives
  • (mul, "water, body of water, esp. river")
Comparatives
(The mysterious Eurasian uses)
From Wikipedia
  • Amir al-Mu'minin (...) is an Arabic title that is usually translated "Commander of the Faithful" or "Leader of the Faithful".
  • The Gur-e-Amīr or Guri Amir (...‎) is a mausoleum of the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (also known as Tamerlane) in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. [...] Gur-e Amir is Persian for "Tomb of the King".
  • Mir Osman Ali Khan, ..., was the last Nizam (ruler) of the Princely State of Hyderabad, the largest princely state in British India.
  • Kashmir would be derived from either kashyapa-mir (Kashyapa's Lake) or kashyapa-meru (Kashyapa's Mountain).

구름

edit
 
Some types of cloud yield thunderstorms.
A roll or rumble of thunder [27]
A snare drum cadence [28]
Roman: gureum
Noun [29] [30]
  1. 공기 중의 수분이 엉기어서 미세한 물방울이나 얼음 결정의 덩어리가 되어 공중에 떠 있는 것.
    cloud
Comparatives
Adapted from
thunder #Translations
  • Indonesian: guruh
  • Malay: guruh [31]
  • Kazakh: күркіреу (kürkirew)
  • Kyrgyz: күркүрөө (kürküröö) [32]
  • Belarusian: гром (hrom)
  • Bulgarian: гръм (grǎm)
  • Czech: hrom
  • Polish: grom
  • Russian: гром (grom)
  • Serbo-Croatian: гром (grom)
  • Slovak: hrom
  • Slovene: grom
Toward the etymology of 구름 (gureum, "cloud")
  • roll [33]
    • A heavy, reverberatory sound. [34]
      • There was a roll of thunder and the rain began to pour down. [35]
  • rollen #German [36]
    1. to roll
    2. to thunder [37]
  • grollen #German [38]
    1. to rumble, grumble, growl
    2. to roll, thunder
  • grumeln #German (frequentative) [39]
    1. to grumble (make a low sound, as of a discontent person, an empty stomach, a distant thunderstorm)
See also
  • 구르다 (gureuda, "to roll" cf. German grollen)
  • 우르렁 (ureureong, "grumbling" as of thunder)
  • 으르렁 (eureureong, "growling" as of lions )
  • 그르렁 (geureureong "gurgling" as of cats )

벼락

edit
 
Strokes of cloud-to-ground lightning during a thunderstorm
Sound of a thunderstorm [40]
 
Jael shows the slain Sisera to Barak, by James Tissot.
 
Barack Obama
Roman: byeorag
Noun [41] [42]
  1. 공중의 전기와 땅 위의 물체에 흐르는 전기 사이에 방전 작용으로 일어나는 자연 현상.
Synonyms
Korean Sino-Korean
Compounds
  • 돈벼락 (don-, "blessing with money") [49]
  • 벼락부자 (-buja, "an overnight millionaire")
Relatives
Comparatives
Adapted from
lightning #Translations
Adapted from
thunder #Translations
  • Akkadian: 𒉏𒄈 (birqu)
  • Arabic: بَرْق‎ (barq)
  • Aramaic: ܒܪܩܐ‎ (barqā)
  • Ge'ez: በረቀ (bäräḳä)
    • Tigre: በርቅ (bärḳ)
  • Hebrew: בָּרָק‎ (barák) [50]
  • Korean: 벼락 (byeorak)
  • Persian: برق‎ (barq)
  • Somali: biriq
  • Tajik: барқ (barq)
  • Ugaritic: 𐎁𐎗𐎖 (brq)
  • Uyghur: بەرق‎ (berq)
  • Indonesian: guruh
  • Malay: guruh
  • Kazakh: күркіреу (kürkirew)
  • Kyrgyz: күркүрөө (kürküröö)
  • Belarusian: гром (hrom)
  • Bulgarian: гръм (grǎm)
  • Czech: hrom
  • Polish: grom
  • Russian: гром (grom)
  • Serbo-Croatian: гром (grom)
  • Slovak: hrom
  • Slovene: grom
See also
  • 구름 (gureum, "cloud") as the phenomenal source of 벼락 "thunderbolt"
  • 구르다 (gureuda, "to roll") as the onomatopoeic source of 구름 "cloud"

한물

edit
 
Flooding after 1991 Bangladesh cyclone [51]
Roman: hanmul
Noun
  1. 홍수. 비가 많이 와서 강이나 개천에 갑자기 크게 불은 물. [52]
    flood, deluge, or a great body of water. [53]
Synonyms
Comparatives
 
The sea [54]
 
The natural water cycle
 
Global water cycle
 
The Pacific Ocean. [55]
The world ocean is also collectively known as just "the sea". Being 3,688m deep on average, it covers 71% of Earth's surface, and contains 97% of Earth's water!
Roman: mul
Noun [56] [57]
  1. 자연계에 강, 호수, 바다, 지하수 따위의 형태로 널리 분포하는 액체. 순수한 것은 빛깔, 냄새, 맛이 없고 투명하다. 산소와 수소의 화학적 결합물로, 어는점 이하에서는 얼음이 되고 끓는점 이상에서는 수증기가 된다. 공기와 더불어 생물이 살아가는 데 없어서는 안 될 중요한 물질이다.
    water
  2. 못, 내, 호수, 강, 바다 따위를 두루 이르는 말.
    a body of water, eg., pond, lake, brook, river, sea, etc.
Synonyms
  • 바다 (bada, "sea, mere")
  • 호수 (hosu, "lake, mere")
  • (mot, "moat, pond")
  • 시내 (sinae, "brook")
  • (nae, "river")
  • 강 (gang, "river")
Antonyms
Compounds
  • 물바다 (-bada, "flood" lit. "water sea" or "sea of water")
  • 바닷물 (badat-, "sea water")
  • 호수물 (hosu-, "lake water")
  • 시냇물 (sinaet-, "brook water")
  • 강물 (gang-, "river water")
  • 눈물 (nun-, "tears")
  • 콧물 (kot-, "snot, snuff, snival, drivel, nose dripping, nose runnings")
  • 큰물 (keun-, "flood")
  • 한물 (han-, "flood")
Relatives
  • 묽다 (mulgda, "to be watery")
  • 무르다 (mureuda, "to be soft, tender, flabby") [58]
  • 마르다 (mareuda, "to dry")
  • 미르 (mireu, "dragon")
  • 미리내 (miri-nae, "Milky Way" lit. "dragon river")
Maxims
  • 관해난수 (觀海難水, gwanhaenansu)
    To see the sea makes it hard to talk about water.
    The more I see the sea, the harder I say water.
Comparatives
sea #Translations [59]
Germanic & Latinic Slavic & Others
Germanic
  • Danish: sø
  • Dutch: meer, zee
  • English: mere, sea
    • Scots: se
  • German: Meer, See
  • Faroese: sjógvur
  • Icelandic: sjór
  • Norwegian: sjø
  • Swedish: sjö
Latinic
  • Aragonese: mar
  • Asturian: mar
  • Catalan: mar
  • Corsican: mari
  • French: mer
  • Friulian: mâr
  • Galician: mar
  • Italian: mare
  • Latin: mare
  • Occitan: mar
  • Portuguese: mar
  • Romanian: mare
  • Sardinian: mare
  • Sicilian: mari
  • Spanish: mar
  • Venetian: mar
Slavic
  • Aromanian: mari
  • Belarusian: мо́ра (móra)
  • Bulgarian: море́ (moré)
  • Czech: moře
  • Macedonian: море (more)
  • Polish: morze
  • Russian: мо́ре (móre)
  • Rusyn: мо́ре (móre)
  • Serbo-Croatian: море (more)
  • Slovak: more
  • Slovene: morje
  • Sorbian: mórjo
  • Udmurt: море (more)
  • Ukrainian: мо́ре (móre)
Others
  • Breton: mor
  • Cornish: mor
  • Dalmatian: mur
  • Estonian: meri
  • Finnish: meri
  • Irish: muir
  • Karelian: meri
  • Livonian: mer
  • Manx: mooir
  • Sami: mearra
  • Scottish Gaelic: muir
  • Veps: meri
  • Welsh: môr
 
Fire! [60] 불이야! [61]
Roman: bul
Noun [62] [63]
  1. 물질이 산소와 화합하여 높은 온도로 빛과 열을 내면서 타는 것.
    fire
Antonyms
  • (mul, "water, body of water")
Comparatives
Adapted from wikt: fire #Translations & #Etymology
Germanic Nordic Others
  • Dutch: vuur
  • English: fire
    Old English: fȳr, bæl
  • German: Feuer
    Old High German: fiur
    Alemannic German: Füür
  • Limburgish: vuur
  • Danish: bål
  • Icelandic: bál
    Old Norse: bál
  • Norwegian: bål
  • Swedish: bål
  • Greek: φωτιά (fotiá)
    Ancient: πῦρ (pûr)
  • Korean: 불 (bul)
  • Tocharian A: por
  • Tocharian B: puwar
See also

불다

edit
 
The fire breath is an extension of blowing the fire.
Roman: bul-da
Verb [64] [65]
  1. 바람이 일어나서 어느 방향으로 움직이다.
    (for the wind) to blow
  2. 입을 오므리고 날숨을 내어보내어, 입김을 내거나 바람을 일으키다.
    to blow (the fire, wind intrument, etc.), to produce an air current, to propel by an air current.
Relatives
Comparatives
From blow #Translations
Germanic
  • Dutch: blazen
  • English: blow
  • German: blasen
  • Old Frisian: blā
Nordic
  • Danish: blæse
  • Faroese: blása
  • Norwegian:
  • Swedish: blåsa

풀무

edit
 
The bellows inhale and exhale as the lungs do.
 
The lungs inhale and exhale as the bellows do.
Roman: pulmu
Older: 불무 (bulmu), 불모 (bulmo)
Noun [66] [67]
  1. 불을 피울 때에 바람을 일으키는 기구. [68]
Relatives
  • (bul, "fire")
  • 바람 (baram, "wind" ie air flow)
  • 부레 (bure, "bladder")
  • 부아 (bua, "lung")
  • (bol, "cheek; ball (of thumb, feet, shoes, etc.)"
  • 볼기 (bolgi, "buttocks")
  • 볼록 (bollok, "convex") (mild, weak imitative) [70]
  • 불룩 (bollok, "convex") (wild, strong imitative) [71]
  • 불다 (bulda, "to blow")
  • 부르다 (bureuda, "to swell, bulge" adj. "to be full, bulging")
  • 부풀다 (bupulda, "to swell, bulge")
  • 불리다 (bullida, "to make (something) swell; to make (iron) hardened")
  • 불거지다 (bulgeojida, "to bulge")
Comparatives
 
The accordion is a musical bellows, as it were. [72]

Korean/Words/불룩

펄럭

edit
 
The flag of the United Nations is flagging or flapping in the wind.
 
Birds of a feather flock together. For example, gulls do in a feeding frenzy.
Roman: peolleog
Adverb [73] [74]
  1. 깃발 따위가 바람에 이리저리 나부끼는 소리든 꼴이든 둘다든.
    (imitative) In such a way that something like a flag is flapping or fluttering in (or as blown by) the wind.
    This serves as the stem of the following frequentatives:
    • 펄럭펄럭 (-peoleok) adv. (reduplication)
    • 펄럭이다 (-ida) v.
    • 펄럭대다 (-daeda) v.
    • 펄럭거리다 (-georida) v.
Comparatives
  • flag #English and Germanic and Slavic translations
  • Danish: flag
  • Dutch: vlag
  • English: flag
  • German: Flagge
  • Icelandic: flagg
  • Norwegian: flagg
  • Swedish: flagga
  • Belarusian: флаг (flah)
  • Bulgarian: флаг (flag)
  • Czech: vlajka
  • Polish: flaga
  • Russian: флаг (flag)
  • fly #English and Germanic translations
  • Danish: flyve
  • Icelandic: fljúga
  • Norwegian: flyge
  • Swedish: flyga
  • Dutch: vliegen
  • German: fliegen
  • Low German: flegen
  • West Frisian: fleane
  • Old English: flēogan
  • English: fly
  • bird #English, and Germanic translations
  • Danish: fugl
  • Icelandic: fugl
  • Norwegian: fugl
  • Swedish: fågel
  • Dutch: vogel
  • German: Vogel
  • Low German: Vagel
  • West Frisian: fûgel
See also

보풀

edit
 
The seeds of the poplar tree are easily dispersed by the wind, thanks to the fine hairs surrounding them. --Wikipedia: Populus
 
The seeds of a cottonwood (Populus deltoides) --Wiktionary: cottonwood
Roman: bopul
Noun
  1. 종이나 헝겊 따위의 거죽에 부풀어 일어나는 몹시 가는 털. [79] [80]
    fluff [81]
Relatives
  • 포플러 (popeulleo) from poplar
  • 포퓰러 (popyulleo) from popular
  • 포플린 (popullin) from poplin
  • 뽀뿌링 (ppoppuring) likely from Japanese pronunciation
Comparatives
Uses
  • 보풀펄럭이다
    bopul-i peolleok-ida
    Fluffs are fluffing.
See also

부풀다

edit
 
Female bosoms
 
Lips.
Roman: bupul-da
Verb [82] [83]
  1. 살가죽이 붓거나 부르터 오르다.
    to swell
  2. 종이나 헝겊 따위의 거죽에 부풀이 일어나다.
    to get fluffy, fuzzy, nappy, shaggy
Synonyms
  • 붓다 (bus-da, "to swell")
Relatives
  • 보풀 (bopul, "fluff, nap")
Comparatives
"bosom" "lip"
See also

맑다

edit
 
The sunrise in the morning
 
Pearl necklace
 
Princess Margaret [84] in 1965, wearing a pearl necklace
Roman: malg-da
Older: ㅁㆍㄺ다 (molg-da)
Adjective
  1. 잡스럽고 탁한 것이 섞이지 아니하다. 구름이나 안개가 끼지 아니하여 햇빛이 밝다. [85]
    to be fresh, clear, sunny [86]
Doublets
  • 말갛다 (malgah-da, "to be highly clear, clean, fresh") [87]
  • 묽다 (mulg-da, "to be dilute, watery, of thin solution")
Relatives
  • (mul, "water")
Comparatives
From morning #Translations From pearl #Translations
  • Danish: morgen
  • Dutch: morgen
  • English: morning [88]
    Middle English: morwe
    Old English: morgen
  • Faroese: morgun
  • German: Morgen
  • Icelandic: morgunn
  • Norwegian: morgen, morgon
  • Swedish: morgon
  • Armenian: մարգարիտ (margarit)
  • Avar: маргъал (marġal)
  • Azerbaijani: mirvari, cf. Persian
  • Bulgarian: маргари́т (margarít)
  • Georgian: მარგალიტი (margaliṭi)
  • Greek: μαργαριτάρι (margaritári)
  • Italian: margarita [89]
  • Latin: margarita [90]
    • Medieval Latin: perla (mid-13c.) [91]
  • Old English: meregrot
  • Pashto: مرغلره‎ (murghalara)
  • Persian: مروارید‎ (morvârid)
See also
  • 밝다 (balg-da, "to be bright, to dawn")
  • 이울다 (iul-da, "to wane, wither, fade")

이울다

edit
 
The sunset in the evening [92]
Roman: iul-da
Older: ㅇㅣᄫㅡㄹㄷㅏ (iveul-da)
Verb
  1. 꽃이나 잎이 시들다. 해나 달의 빛이 약해지거나 스러지다. [93]
    to wane, wither, fade [94]
Attributives
  • 이운 (iun)
  • ㅇㅣᄫㅡㄴ (iveun) obsolete
Synonyms
  • 시들다 (sideul-da, "(for flowers, leaves) to wane, wither")
  • 저물다 (jeomul-da, "(for the sun) to set, (for it) to grow dark")
Antonyms
Comparatives
  • Danish: aften
  • Dutch: avond
  • English: evening [95]
  • German: Abend [96]
  • Norwegian: aften
  • Swedish: afton
See also
  • 맑다 (malg-da, "to be clear, fresh") [97]
  • 밝다 (balg-da, "to be bright, (for the day or it) to dawn")
  • 밝쥐 (balg-jwi, "bat" lit. "bright-eyed rat")
  • 명일 (明日, meong-il, "tomorrow" [98])

Footnotes

edit
  1. https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=뜻
  2. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/뜻
  3. Linguistics centers around this abstract concept, namely, semantics.
  4. which may literally mean "singing rock" rather than "murmuring rock".
  5. In 1824, Heinrich Heine wrote one of his most famous poems, "Die Lorelei". It describes the eponymous female as a sort of siren who, sitting on the cliff above the Rhine and combing her golden hair, unwittingly distracted shipmen with her beauty and song, causing them to crash on the rocks. In 1837, Friedrich Silcher set this lyrics to music, when the Nazy Germany was rising and Jewish Heine was falling.
  6. The Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane was an event in the life of Jesus from the New Testament, between the Farewell Discourse at the conclusion of the Last Supper and Jesus' arrest.
  7. https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=노래
  8. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/노래
  9. Yet there is no wikt: Lorelei #German since 2016!
  10. This etymology would not see Lorelei as a compound of lore "murmuring" and lei "rock" but as a German equivalent or Rhenish kind of Siren, hence no sense of either "murmuring" or "singing".
  11. cf. Korean 노을 (no-eul, "evening light") and (nal, "daylight")
  12. "A valley, especially in the form of a natural hollow, small and deep."
  13. https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=들
  14. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/들
  15. Indeed, the deer is representative of the feral rather than general animals.
  16. https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=와디
    건조 지역에서, 평소에는 마른 골짜기이다가 큰비가 내리면 홍수가 되어 물이 흐르는 강.
  17. https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=미르
  18. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/미르
  19. Hence, suggestive of the river as a long body of water.
    1. 용(龍: 상상의 동물) dragon, the imaginary creature.
    2. 임금, 천자(天子) king, the son of the heaven
    3. ...
  20. late 14c. loan-translation of Latin Via lactea
  21. Etymology
    From Old French amirail, amiral, from Arabic أَمِير اَلْبَحْر‎ (ʾamīr al-baḥr, “commander of the fleet”).
  22. emir
    • a prince, commander or other leader or ruler in an Islamic nation.
    • a descendant of the prophet Muhammad.
    Etymology
    From Old French emir, from Arabic أَمِير‎ (ʾamīr, “commander, prince”). Akin to amir, Amir and admiral. Doublet of amira.
    Derived terms
    • emirate
  23. Etymology
    Borrowed from Persian میر‎ (mir), from Arabic أَمِير‎ (ʾamīr). Doublet of wikt: अमीर (amīr).
  24. Portrait attributed to Titian (circa 1530)
  25. The last ruler to hold the title of shah
  26. You miss a thundercrack here.
  27. performed by the U.S. Navy Band
  28. https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=구름
  29. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/구름
  30. Onomatopoeia
  31. Onomatopoeia reduplicative
  32. roll (v.)
    "Of sounds (such as thunder) somehow suggestive of a rolling ball, 1590s; of a drum from 1680s."
  33. frequentative
  34. The "roll" is what 구르다 is in itself.
  35. Cognates include Dutch rollen, English roll, etc.
  36. Der Donner rollt, oder, grollt.
  37. Cognates include Dutch grollen, English growl, etc.
  38. Cognates include Dutch gromelen, French grommeler, English grumble, etc.
  39. You miss a thundercrack here.
  40. https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=벼락
  41. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/벼락
  42. The Korean order is also thunder followed by lightning as "천둥번개". But the natural order is lightening followed by thunder, of course.
  43. (mimic) cf. 번쩍
  44. (onomatopoeic) See also
    • 우르렁 (ureureong, "thundering sound") cf. 으르렁 (eureureong, "deep roaring sound as of the lion")
    • 구름 (gureum, "cloud" as the source of lightning and thunder) cf. 구르다 (gureuda, "to roll")
  45. 번개우레 is proposed to replace 천둥번개. However, 벼락 is everything anyway!
  46. 천둥과 번개를 동반하는 대기 중의 방전 현상.
  47. 천둥과 번개를 동반한 비.
  48. 갑자기 한꺼번에 생긴 많은 돈을 비유적으로 이르는 말.
  49. Etymology
    Barak ברק means lightning in Hebrew. Barcas, the surname of the famous Hamilcar Barca, is the Punic equivalent of the name.
  50. which killed around 140,000 people.
  51. https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=한물
  52. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/한물
  53. Etymology
    • (Etymonline) Old English "sheet of water, sea, lake, pool," from Proto-Germanic *saiwa- (...), of unknown origin ...
    • (Wiktionary) probably ... from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ey-wo- (“to be fierce, afflict”) (compare Latin saevus (“wild, fierce”) ... cf. Korean 세다 (se-da, "to be strong, powerful")
    • (This project) English sea and the like may not mean "sheet of water" (Etymonline) but "seat of water," hence cognate with See of Holy See, both derived from Latin sedes (“seat”) related to Latin verb sedere (“to sit”).
  54. This largest division of the world ocean covers about 46% of Earth's water surface and about 32% of its total surface area, making it 3% larger than all of Earth's land area combined.
  55. https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=물
  56. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/물
  57. 표준국어사전
    1. 여리고 단단하지 않다.
    2. 물기가 많아서 단단하지 않다.
  58. European cognates for "sea" is spread so wide.
  59. A village on fire by Franciszek Kostrzews (1862) Paintings in the National Museum in Warsaw
  60. Literally, it is fire!
  61. https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=불
  62. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/불
  63. https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=불다
  64. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/불다
  65. https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=풀무
  66. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/풀무
  67. Instead of the bellows, you may use your cheek and mouth as well as lungs to blow the fire.
  68. (informal, archaic) the lungs
  69. Antonym: 오목 (omog, "concave")
  70. Antonym: 우묵 (umug, "concave")
  71. Accordion § Bellows
    The bellows is the most recognizable part of the instrument, and the primary means of articulation. The production of sound in an accordion is in direct proportion to the motion of the bellows by the player. In a sense, the role of the bellows can be compared to the role of moving a violin's bow on bowed strings. For a more direct analogy, the bellows can be compared to the role of breathing for a singer.
  72. https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=펄럭
  73. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/펄럭
  74. Note: flock #Etymology 2 ("tufts of wool or cotton")
  75. Now fowl replaced by bird since 14th c.
  76. Compare with poultry, i.e., "domestic fowl (e.g. chickens, ducks, turkeys, and geese) raised for food (either meat or eggs)." Then what is the fowl in itself?
  77. bridd, brid "young bird, chick" > bird
  78. https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=보풀
  79. Korean 보풀 (bopul) itself is a reduplication; it is even doubled as 보풀보풀 (bopul-bopul).
  80. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/보풀
  81. https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=부풀다
  82. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/부풀다
  83. w: Princess Margaret (disambiguation)
  84. https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=맑다
  85. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/맑다
  86. 산뜻하게 (기분이나 느낌이 깨끗하고 시원하게) 맑다.
  87. While quite exceptional, morning and evening are enough to let know that both stem from verbs. Mostly, such is the case with the other Germanic.
  88. From Latin margarīta, from Ancient Greek μαργαρίτης (margarítēs), from a loanword of Eastern origin.
  89. From Greek, to Italian margarita
  90. While being "of unknown origin," this has overcast Europe.
  91. The ideas of "sunset" and "evening" overlap, as the former is implied in the latter (verbal).
  92. https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=이울다
  93. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/이울다
  94. cf. morning, (to)morrow
  95. Morgen, morgen
  96. cf. German Morgenfrisch lit. "morning fresh"
  97. Literally, "bright day; next day"