Korean/Words/해자

해자

What Nanjing looked like in the Ming Dynasty.
Note its well-done defensive wall and moat.

Roman: haeja
Older: 희즈 (hvijv)
Hanja: 垓字
Noun [1] [2]
능(陵), 원(園), 묘(墓) 따위의 경계.
edge, boundary (of a garden, graveyard, mausoleum, etc.), cf. hedge [3] [4]
성 주위에 둘러 판 못.
moat [5] dug around the defensive wall

Synonyms

성밑못 (城밑못, seongmitmot, literally, "moat below the defensive wall")
성하지 (城下池, seonghaji, literally, "moat below the defensive wall")
성호 (城壕, 城濠, seongho, "water-filled")
성황 (城隍, seonghwang, "without water") ^[6]
- 서낭신 < 성황신 (城隍神, seonghwangsin) ^[7]
- 서낭당 < 성황당 (城隍堂, seonghwangdang) ^[8]
황 (隍, hwang) (dry moat; also such ditch, trench)
호 (濠, 壕, ho) (water-filled moat; also such ditch, trench)
참 (塹, cham, "trench")
참호 (塹壕, chamho, "trench")

Relatives

해 (垓, hae, "boundary, edge (of land); defence")
못 (mot, "pond, pool; moat")

Comparatives

hedge #English from haga #Old English
The Hague #English ^[9]
Copenhague #French, Copenhagen #English ^[10]
The following is adapted from The Hague #Translations and Copenhagen #Translations ^[11]

Germanic
English:	The Hague	Copenhagen
Dutch:	Den Haag	Kopenhagen
German:	Den Haag	Kopenhagen
Nordic
Danish:	Haag	København ^[12]
Icelandic:	Haag	Kaupmannahöfn
Norwegian:	Haag	København
Swedish:	Haag	Köpenhamn
Slavic
Czech:	Haag	Kodaň
Polish:	Haga	Kopenhaga
Bulgarian:	Ха́га (Hága)	Ко́пенхаген (Kópenhagen)
Russian:	Гаа́га (Gaága)	Копенга́ген (Kopengágen)
Ukrainian:	Гаа́ґа (Haága)	Копенга́ген m (Kopenháhen)
Latinic
Latin:	Haga	Hafnia
French:	La Haye	Copenhague
Italian:	L'Aia	Copenaghen
Portuguese:	Haia	Copenhague, Copenhaga
Spanish:	La Haya	Copenhague

↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=해자
↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/해자
↑ As English hedge is only physically defined as "fence" in the dictionary, you'd better compare Korean 해자 (haeja, "border, boundary; moat") with Dutch Den Haag ("The Hague") or 's-Gravenhage, based on haag ("hedge"). In such Dutch toponyms, there's no physical sense of "fence" but just "border, boundary, enclosure" or the like.
↑
's-Gravenhage #Etymology

From the 17th century des graven hage ("the count's hedge"), referring to the Count of Holland. The older name was Den Haghe ("the hedge"), which continues into the modern name of the city.
↑ The etymology relating to English motte ("mound, hillock") is problematic. It is like confusing the river with the mount, however related both may be.
↑
1. (literary, historical) city wall and moat; protected city
2. (mythology, religion) City God, god of the moat and the walls
↑ 토지와 마을을 지켜 준다는 신
↑ 서낭신을 모신 집
↑ Dutch Den Haag, short form of 's-Gravenhage, from Middle Dutch des Graven hage (1400s), literally, "the Count's hedge[-enclosed hunting grounds]"
↑ The last part hagen may be the plural form of Dutch haag.
↑ 덴헤이그 vs. 코펜헤이그
↑
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/K%C3%B8benhavn#Danish
Descendants
- → Swedish: Köpenhamn
- → Low German: Kopenhagen
  - → German: Kopenhagen
  - → English: Copenhagen
  - → French: Copenhague
  - → Italian: Copenhaghen
  - → Russian: Копенгаген (Kopengagen)
Comments
- This Wiktionary claim may be overdone.

[1] ttps://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=해자

[2] ttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/해자

[3] As English hedge is only physically defined as "fence" in the dictionary, you'd better compare Korean 해자 (haeja, "border, boundary; moat") with Dutch Den Haag ("The Hague") or 's-Gravenhage, based on haag ("hedge"). In such Dutch toponyms, there's no physical sense of "fence" but just "border, boundary, enclosure" or the like.

[4] 
's-Gravenhage #Etymology

From the 17th century des graven hage ("the count's hedge"), referring to the Count of Holland. The older name was Den Haghe ("the hedge"), which continues into the modern name of the city.

[5] The etymology relating to English motte ("mound, hillock") is problematic. It is like confusing the river with the mount, however related both may be.

[6] 
(literary, historical) city wall and moat; protected city

(mythology, religion) City God, god of the moat and the walls

[7] (literary, historical) city wall and moat; protected city

[8] (mythology, religion) City God, god of the moat and the walls

[7] 토지와 마을을 지켜 준다는 신

[8] 서낭신을 모신 집

[9] Dutch Den Haag, short form of 's-Gravenhage, from Middle Dutch des Graven hage (1400s), literally, "the Count's hedge[-enclosed hunting grounds]"

[10] The last part hagen may be the plural form of Dutch haag.

[11] 덴헤이그 vs. 코펜헤이그

[12] ttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/K%C3%B8benhavn#Danish
Descendants

→ Swedish: Köpenhamn

→ Low German: Kopenhagen
→ German: Kopenhagen

→ English: Copenhagen

→ French: Copenhague

→ Italian: Copenhaghen

→ Russian: Копенгаген (Kopengagen)

Comments

This Wiktionary claim may be overdone.

[15] → Swedish: Köpenhamn

[16] → Low German: Kopenhagen
→ German: Kopenhagen

→ English: Copenhagen

→ French: Copenhague

→ Italian: Copenhaghen

→ Russian: Копенгаген (Kopengagen)

[17] → German: Kopenhagen

[18] → English: Copenhagen

[19] → French: Copenhague

[20] → Italian: Copenhaghen

[21] → Russian: Копенгаген (Kopengagen)

[22] This Wiktionary claim may be overdone.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]