Progress and Prospects in Parkinson's Research/Symptoms/O
The A-Z of Parkinson's Symptoms
O
Oculogyric crises (Attacks of forced deviation of gaze)
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Attacks of forced deviation of gaze; The following references are relevant:- Clough et al (1983) Oculogyric crises and parkinsonism. A case of recent onset [1] Furumoto et al (1989) Oculogyric crisis as an initial symptom of juvenile parkinsonism-like disease [2] Wilkaniec et al (2013) Toxicity of extracellular secreted alpha-synuclein: Its role in nitrosative stress and neurodegeneration. [3] Further Researchedit
Referencesedit
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Olfactory dysfunction (A reduced or impaired ability to detect odours)
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Olfactory dysfunction A reduced or impaired ability to detect odors. The following references are relevant:- Hoyles and Sharma (2013) Olfactory loss as a supporting feature in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: a pragmatic approach[1] Takeda (2013) Severe olfactory dysfunction is a predictor of dementia with Parkinson’s disease[2] Hüttenbrink et al (2013) Olfactory dysfunction: common in later life and early warning of neurodegenerative disease [3] Further Research
References
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'On-off'
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Redirected to ( To subpage for editing >> ) Motor fluctuations 'On-off' periods, wearing off, dose failures, and freezing associated with long-term levodopa use The following references are relevant:- Bordelon et al (2011) Medication Responsiveness of Motor Symptoms in a Population-Based Study of Parkinson Disease [1]/ Bohnen et al (2011) Leucoaraiosis, nigrostriatal denervation and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease [2] Mera et al (2012) Feasibility of home-based automated Parkinson’s disease motor assessment [3] Further Researchedit
Referencesedit
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Ophthalmoplegia (Paraylsis of gaze)
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Paralysis of gaze. The following references are relevant:- Guiloff et al (1980)Reversible supranuclear ophthalmoplegia associated with Parkinsonism [1] Armstrong (2011)Visual signs and symptoms of progressive supranuclear palsy. [2]
References
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Orthostatic hypotension (Drop in blood pressure during changes in body position)
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Drop in blood pressure during changes in body position. A recent review of Cardiovascular dysautonomia in Parkinson's by Jain and Goldstein (2012) is particularly relevant.[1] The following references are also relevant:- Hussain et al (2001) Treatment of erectile dysfunction with sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in parkinsonism due to Parkinson's disease or multiple system atrophy with observations on orthostatic hypotension [2] Park and Stacy(2011) Dopamine-Induced Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease [3] Sommer et al (2011) Nondipping in Parkinson's Disease [4] Further Research
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