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Votian/Nouns and Their Derivation

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Nouns and their derivation [1]

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Derivational suffixes

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adjective-to-noun

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  • * -ut
    • It is declined like the XV Declension: -t stems .
    • Pronunciation varies ( -uz , -üz ) according to vowel harmony e.g. лad́d́uz ("width " < лad́d́a "wide"), лaiskuz ("lazyness " < лaiska "lazy"), iлozuz ("beauty" < iлoza "pretty"), terveüz ("health " < terve "healthy"), nōruz (" youth " < nōri "young"), nōre̮puz (" being younger " < nōre̮pi "younger"), pēnüz ("being small " < pēni "small").
      • Should not be confused with * -u-ks .


verb-to-noun & noun-to-noun

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  • * -ks
    • It is declined like the XI Declension: -ks stems .
    • Pronunciation is ( -z ) in the end of a word e.g. jaлgaz ("runner (of a sleigh) " < jaлka "foot"), arjaz ("bristle " < arja "brush"), teräz ("steel" < terä "blade").
      • Compear with * -u-ks .


  • * -u-ks
    • It is declined like the XI Declension: -ks stems .
    • Pronunciation varies ( -uz , -üz ) according to vowel harmony e.g. kagлuz ("collar " < kagлa "neck"), se̮rmuz (" ring " < se̮rmi "finger"), arvatuz [2] (" riddle " < arvat-a "to guess"), pelehüz [3] ("ghost " ~ peleht-ellä "to frighten").
    • The stem is usually in the weak grade if there is a such one available e.g. kannuz ("spur " < kanta "heel"), rinnuz ("horse-collar's strap" < rinta "chest"), jätüz ("remnant " < jättǟ "to remain").
      • Should not be confused with * -ut .


  • * -(u-)m
    • It is declined like the XIII Declension: -m stems .
    • Any final -m went through a protofinnic sound change * m > n . The resulting final -n is usually pronounced as a prolongation of the preceding vowel e.g. ve̮tī : ve̮ttime̮D (" key : keys" < ve̮ttā "to take"), vȫtī : vȫttimeD (" ridge band : (plural)" < vȫttǟ "to gird"), viē̮  : vite̮me̮D (" scutching-blade: (plural)").
    • This suffix takes a vowel stem. Therefore the stem vary according to consonant gradation e.g. ve̮d́d́ē̮  : ve̮ite̮me̮D (" ointment : (plural)" < ve̮itā "to salve"), jaлgū : jaлkume̮D [4] ("stirrup " < jaлka "foot").
      • Compear with * -ma .




See also

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References

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  1. ↑ Ariste, Paul Vadja keele grammatika. Tartu, 1948. p. 124
  2. ↑ Словарь водского языка - Vadja keele sõnaraamat. v.1. p.125 Kattila dialect, Pummala dialect, Mati dialect
  3. ↑ Словарь водского языка - Vadja keele sõnaraamat. v.4. p.201 Luuditsa dialect, Jõgõperä dialect
  4. ↑ Словарь водского языка - Vadja keele sõnaraamat. v.1. p.320 Kattila dialect, Mati dialect
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