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Remedy/Plants/Adoxaceae

< Remedy | Plants

Adoxaceae, commonly known as the moschatel family,[1] is a small family of flowering plants in the order Dipsacales, now consisting of five genera and about 150–200 species.

Adoxa moschatellina photo is from Marshallsumter (discuss • contribs) Avril 2005 Vellefrey et Vellefrange (France). Credit: Jeffdelonge.{{free media}}

Sambucus callicarpa

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The seeds of Sambucus callicarpa are poisonous and may cause vomiting or diarrhea.[2]

Sambucus mexicana

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In August 1983, a group of 25 people in Monterey County, California, became suddenly ill by ingesting elderberry juice pressed from fresh, uncooked Sambucus mexicana berries, leaves, and stems.[3]

The blue or Mexican elderberry, Sambucus mexicana, is now generally treated as one or two subspecies of Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis[4] and Sambucus nigra subsp. caerulea.[5]

Sambucus nigra

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Fruit cluster is shown. Credit: Martinroell.{{free media}}
 
Flowers are from the Black Elderberry. Credit: Cppgx.{{free media}}

The density of cyanogenic glycosides is higher in tea made from flowers (or leaves) than from the berries.[6][7]

Sambucus palmensis

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Flower and leaves are of the Canary Elderberry, Sambucus palmensis. Credit: PabloCabBel.{{free media}}

The various species of Sambucus are commonly called elder or elderberry.

Although the cooked berries (pulp and skin) of most species of Sambucus are edible,[8][9] the uncooked berries and other parts of plants from this genus are poisonous.[6] Leaves, twigs, branches, seeds, roots, flowers, and berries of Sambucus plants produce cyanogenic glycosides, which have toxic properties.[6] Ingesting a sufficient quantity of cyanogenic glycosides from berry juice, flower tea, or beverages made from fresh leaves, branches, and fruit has been shown to cause adverse events, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and weakness.[8][6][3] The density of cyanogenic glycosides is higher in tea made from flowers (or leaves) than from the berries.[6][7]

Sambucus peruviana

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Leaves and inflorescences are from Sambucus peruviana. Credit: Dick Culbert from Gibsons, B.C., Canada.{{free media}}

The leaves, flowers and fruits have medicinal properties; analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, sudorific.[10][11]

Viburnum lentago

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The nannyberry is a small round blue-black drupe. Credit: D. E. Herman, USDA.{{free media}}

As suggested by the alternative name sweet viburnum, the fruit is (unlike that of many viburnums) edible.[12]

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ English Names for Korean Native Plants. Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. pp. 342. https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf. Retrieved 25 January 2016. 
  2. ↑ Whitney, Stephen (1985). Western Forests (The Audubon Society Nature Guides). New York: Knopf. p. 423. https://archive.org/details/westernforests00whit/page/423. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (April 6, 1984). "Poisoning from Elderberry Juice—California". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 33 (13): 173–174. PMID 6422238. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000311.htm. Retrieved December 15, 2012. 
  4. ↑ "Sambucus mexicana". Calflora. Retrieved 2012-07-16.
  5. ↑ "Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea". Calflora. Retrieved 2012-07-16.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Senica, M; Stampar, F; Veberic, R; Mikulic-Petkovsek, M (2016). "The higher the better? Differences in phenolics and cyanogenic glycosides in Sambucus nigra leaves, flowers and berries from different altitudes". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 97 (8): 2623–2632. doi:10.1002/jsfa.8085. PMID 27734518. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Viapiana, A; Wesolowski, M (2017). "The Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Infusions of Sambucus nigra L". Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 72 (1): 82–87. doi:10.1007/s11130-016-0594-x. PMID 28084608. PMC 5325840. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5325840/. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "European elder". National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, US National Institutes of Health. September 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  9. ↑ McVicar, Jekka (2007). "Jekka's Complete Herb Book" p. 214–215. Raincoast Books, Vancouver. ISBN 1-55192-882-5
  10. ↑ Geilfus, Frans (1994). El árbol al servicio del agricultor: Guía de especies. Bib. Orton IICA / CATIE. pp. 481. 
  11. ↑ Duke, James A. (2008). Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America. CRC Press. pp. 606. 
  12. ↑ Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009). Edible Wild Plants: A North American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods. New York: Sterling Publishing. pp. 227. OCLC 244766414. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/244766414. 
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