Literature/1903/Pavlov
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Russian title: "Eksperimental’naiia psikhologiia i psikhopatologiia na zhivotnykh."
Reprints
edit- Pavlov, Ivan P. Lectures on Conditioned Reflexes. Translated by Horsley Gantt. New York: International Publishers, 1928.[1] Volume 1, pages 47-60. The translation of the extract in the text was provided by Gregory Razran.
- See also
- Pavlov, I. P. Conditioned Reflexes: An Investigation of the Physiological Activity of the Cerebral Cortex. Translated and Edited by G. V. Anrep. London: Oxford University Press, 1927.
Excerpts
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editChronology
edit- Razran, Gregory (1965). "Russian physiologists' psychology and American experimental psychology: A historical and a systematic collation and a look into the future." Psychological Bulletin, vol. 63 no. 1 (Jan 1965): 42-64. Abstract
- Orwell, George (1949). Nineteen Eighty-Four. London: Secker and Warburg, 1949. [^]
- Skinner, B. F. (1948). Walden Two. Macmillan Co., 1948. [^]
- Orwell, George (1945). Animal Farm: A Fairy Story. London: Secker and Warburg, 1945. [^]
- Huxley, Aldous (1940). Words and Their Meanings. The Ward Ritchie Press, 1940. [^]
- Wells, H. G. (1938). World Brain. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran & Co. [^]
- Korzybski, Alfred (1933). Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics. 5th ed., Institute of General Semantics, 1994. [^]
- Wells, H. G. (1933). The Shape of Things to Come. Hutchinson. [^]
- Huxley, Aldous (1932). Brave New World. Harper Perennial, 1932. [^]
- Russell, Bertrand (1931). The Scientific Outlook. London: George Allen & Unwin. [^]
- Russell, Bertrand (1926). "The Meaning of Meaning." Dial, vol.81 (August 1926) pp. 114-121. [^]
- Ogden, C. K. & I. A. Richards (1923). The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. [^]
- Wells, H. G. (1923). Men Like Gods. Cassell and Co., Ltd. [^]
- Russell, Bertrand (1921). The Analysis of Mind. London: George Allen & Unwin. [^]
- Watson, John B. (1913). "Psychology as the behaviorist views it," Psychological Review, 20, pp. 158-177. [^]
- Wells, H. G. (1905). A Modern Utopia. New York, NY: Penguin Group, 2005. [^]
- Pavlov, Ivan (1903). "The Experimental Psychology and Psychopathology of Animals." The 14th International Medical Congress, Madrid, Spain, April 23-30, 1903. [^]
Reviews
edit- In this paper the definition of conditioned and other reflexes was given and it was shown that a conditioned reflex should be regarded as an elementary psychological phenomenon, which at the same time is a physiological one. It followed from this that the conditioned reflex was a clue to the mechanism of the most highly developed forms of reaction in animals and humans to their environment and it made an objective study of their psychic activity possible. -- From "Pavlov," nobelprize.org, 1904 [1]
Comments
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Notes
edit- ↑ Horsley Gantt, who in 1928 produced an English translation of the first collection of Pavlov's work in this field, claimed his was just following an already-established convention: "Conditional (ooslovny) [uslovnyi] and not conditioned is Prof. Pavlov's term, but as conditioned reflex has become fixed in English usage instead of conditional reflex, we adhere to the term conditioned." See translator's footnote, in Pavlov, Lectures on Conditioned Reflexes, 79; emphasis in original. Gantt was referring here to the English translation of Pavlov's second major volume on this subject by G. V. Anref (a native Russian speaker), published the year before Gantt's translation of the earlier volume appeared; I. P. Pavlov, Conditioned Reflexes: An Investigation of the Physiological Activity of the Cerebral Cortex, trans. G. V. Anrep (New York: Dover Publications, 1927). Gantt also remarks in his translator's note that "in French and German translation, Prof. Pavlov's original term (conditional) has been preserved." See Pavlov, Lectures on conditional reflexes, 79. -- Todes, Daniel Philip (2002). Pavlov's Physiology Factory: Experiment, Interpretation, Laboratory Enterprise. JHU Press, 2002. p. 438. Footnote 79. http://books.google.com/books?id=4FpobBC2V1oC
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| The shade of the bar looks invariant in isolation but variant in context, in (favor of) sharp contrast with the color gradient background, hence an innate illusion we have to reasonably interpret and overcome as well as the mirage. Such variance appearing seasonably from context to context may not only be the case with our vision but worldview in general in practice indeed, whether a priori or a posteriori. Perhaps no worldview from nowhere, without any point of view or prejudice at all!
Ogden & Richards (1923) said, "All experience ... is either enjoyed or interpreted ... or both, and very little of it escapes some degree of interpretation." H. G. Wells (1938) said, "The human individual is born now to live in a society for which his fundamental instincts are altogether inadequate." |