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Article information

Abstract



Note: This is an appendix to a peer-reviewed article.[1] Included in the table are medical terms that have analogies related to food and drink (and also related to items involved in the preparation or consumption of food and drink).

Contents

Table 1 | ‘Cherry picked’ food-related medical metaphors in Pediatrics.

Analogy Brief description
Blueberry muffin baby/rash/syndrome Blue purpura, petechiae or other skin findings akin to blueberries on a muffin, caused by cutaneous extramedullary hematopoiesis secondary to congenital infections, certain cancers or hematologic abnormalities.[2]
Bread and butter appearance Layers of pericardium resembling bread and intervening fibrin resembling butter, found in cases of fibrinous pericarditis and sometimes rheumatic fever.[3]
Cabbage-like odor, Rancid butter odor[note 1] Urinary odor like that of cabbages due to an increase in urinary 2-hydroxybutyric acid in fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase, also known as tyrosinemia type 1; also associated with methionine malabsorption (see Oasthouse syndrome in this table); body odor of rancid butter caused by an increased production of 2-oxo-4-methiolbutyric acid in tyrosinemia type 1.[4]
Carrot-shaped nuclei Carrot-like microscopic appearance of nuclei in medulloblastoma, the most common malignant childhood brain tumor.[5]
Celery stalk appearance Alternating bands of lucent and sclerotic metaphyseal bone of the femur and tibia on X-ray, causing these bones to appear like celery stalks, seen in patients with congenital rubella and other conditions.[6]
Cheesy odor[note 1] Breath and body fluids odor caused by an accumulation of isovaleric acid in children with isovaleric acidemia, due to the deficiency of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase.[7]
Cherry red epiglottis Red, swollen epiglottis and adjacent tissues resembling a red cherry upon visualization by laryngoscopy, secondary to Haemophilus influenzae type b and other bacterial infections.[8]
Cherry-red spot[note 1] Red, cherry-like appearance of the vascular choroid under the macula on an otherwise lipid-laden, whitened retina, seen on fundoscopic exam in disorders of lipid metabolism such as Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff's disease and Sialidosis; can also be seen with other eye disorders including central retinal artery occlusion.[9]
Cottage-loaf sign Chest X-ray appearance similar to a cottage loaf in patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection/drainage/return; also known as the ‘snow man’ sign or ‘figure of 8’ sign.[10]
Cracked-pot sign Sound obtained upon percussing the head of an infant affected by hydrocephalus, similar to the sound obtained when striking a cracked pot.[11]
Dish-face anomaly Congenital midface hypoplasia resulting in flattened, dish-like features, seen in Larsen syndrome,[12] and in Binder syndrome (maxillonasal dysplasia).[13]
Doughnut sign, Sandwich sign Doughnut shape created by the hyperechoic central core of bowel and mesentery surrounded by the hypoechoic outer edematous bowel, seen on transverse sonography or computed tomography in intussusception, also known as the target sign; on longitudinal imaging intussusception resembles a sandwich.[14]
Egg on a string sign Cardio-mediastinal silhouette in which the enlarged heart represents an egg on its side and the narrowed, atrophic thymus of the superior mediastinum represents the string, seen on chest X-ray in transposition of the great arteries/vessels.[15]
Fish odor syndrome[note 1] Body odor of rotten fish secondary to an accumulation of trimethylamine in flavin-containing monooxygenase 2 deficiency.[16]
Honey-colored crusts Description of the crusts the color of honey overlying healing blisters in cases of impetigo, a superficial skin infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.[17]
Hot cross bun head/skull  Rare radiographic manifestation in which the skull resembles a hot cross bun due to abnormal bone deposition in the frontal and parietal regions in congenital syphilis.[18]
Ice cream sliding off the cone Hip X-ray appearance in slipped capital femoral epiphysis in which the separation of the epiphysis from the rest of the femur appears similar to ice cream sliding off the cone.[19]
Maple syrup urine disease[note 1] Caramel-like urinary odor similar to the smell of maple syrup caused by the accumulation of sotolone (4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone) in individuals with branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex deficiency.[20]
Mulberry molars Abnormally increased number of cusps in the first permanent molars in congenital syphilis; normal molars have four cusps.[21]
Oasthouse syndrome[note 1] Urine odor of an oasthouse, a building used for drying hops, caused by the increased conversion of methionine into butyric acid and other compounds in disorders of methionine metabolism.[22]
Olive-shaped mass Palpable abdominal mass the shape of an olive found in infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS); usually found in conjunction with other hallmark HPS features including male preponderance, projectile vomiting with a good appetite, visible peristalsis after feeds and hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis.[23]
Onion skin reaction Periosteal reaction resulting in the layering of periosteum similar to the layering of onion skin, seen on X-ray in Ewing sarcoma and sometimes in osteomyelitis or osteosarcoma.[24]
Pancake brain Resemblance of the brain to a pancake due to the fusion and expansion of the ventricles seen on pathologic and radiographic examination, caused by the failure of the prosencephalon (forebrain) to separate during fetal development in alobar holoprosencephaly.[25]
Pea soup stool Description of meconium, which resembles pea soup in appearance and consistency; typhoid can also cause stool to resemble pea soup.[26]
Port-wine stains Also known as nevus flammeus, birthmarks or skin patches the color of port wine (red, pink, or purple) typically affecting the face and neck, caused by malformed capillaries in syndromes such as Sturge-Weber, linked to somatic mutation in the gene GNAQ (Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha).[27]
Potato chip scales Weeping, crusted scales typically on the face that resemble potato chips in staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.[28]
Prune belly syndrome Wrinkled abdominal skin similar to the wrinkles of a prune secondary to the absence of abdominal musculature; also known by various eponyms and characterized by urogenital abnormalities.[29]
Red-currant jelly stool Stool consisting of blood admixed with mucus which resembles red currant jelly and can occur in cases of intussusception, dysentery or other diseases.[30]
Rotten eggs odor[note 1] Urine odor of rotten eggs due to an increase in sulfur-containing cystine in cystinuria, a cystine reabsorption defect.[31]
Salmon patches Retinal hemorrhage the color of salmon flesh visualized on fundoscopy, one of many manifestations of sickle cell retinopathy;[32] also used to describe the pink-red ‘stork bite’ of the nape of the neck, the most common vascular malformation in infancy caused by malformed dermal capillaries.[33]
Salt-pepper retinopathy Focal areas of increased and decreased pigmentation resembling salt and pepper, seen on fundoscopy in rubella retinopathy, congenital syphilis or other congenital infections.[34]
Salt grains Also known as Koplik spots, lesions that resemble grains of white or blue salt splattered on a red buccal mucosa in measles.[35]
Sausage-shaped mass Right upper quadrant or epigastric mass that feels like a sausage on abdominal palpation in some patients with intussusception, also visible on computed tomography scan.[36]
Strawberry hemangioma  Also known as a capillary hemangioma, a benign red-blue tumor of blood vessels resembling a ripe strawberry which regress by age 10; now recognized to be immunoreactive for GLUT1 (eythrocyte-type glucose transporter protein 1).[37],[38]
Strawberry tongue, Raspberry tongue Bright red tongue with prominent papillae similar in appearance to a strawberry or raspberry, found in diseases likely mediated by superantigens including toxic shock syndrome (Staphylococcus aureus toxin), scarlet fever (Streptococcus pyogenes toxin) and Kawasaki disease (a type of vasculitis involving medium-sized arteries).[39],[40]
Sunflower cataracts[note 1] Sunflower appearance of the lens of the eye caused by copper deposition in Wilson’s disease, a disorder of copper metabolism.[41]
Tumbler test aka glass test Controversial clinical sign elicited when a transparent tumbler is pressed against a skin rash, positive for meningococcemia if the rash does not blanch.[42]

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 The underlying disease is usually inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.

Some cutaneous food-related medical terms may not be applicable in those with pigmented skin

References

  1. ↑ Kipersztok L, Masukume G (2014). "Food for thought: Palatable eponyms from Pediatrics". Malta Medical Journal 26 (4): 46-50. ISSN 2308-4103. http://www.um.edu.mt/umms/mmj/showpdf.php?article=462. 
  2. ↑ Mehta V, Balachandran C, Lonikar V (2008). "Blueberry muffin baby: a pictoral differential diagnosis". Dermatol Online J 14 (2): 8. doi:10.5070/D353Q852NC. ISSN 10872108. PMID 18700111. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/53q852nc. 
  3. ↑ Cohen MB (2004). "Cross your heart: Some historical comments about fibrinous pericarditis". Hum Pathol 35 (2): 147-9. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2003.08.029. ISSN 0046-8177. PMID 14991530. 
  4. ↑ Enns GM, Packman S (2001). "Diagnosing Inborn Errors of Metabolism in the Newborn: Clinical Features". NeoReviews 2 (8): e183-e191. doi:10.1542/neo.2-8-e183. ISSN 1526-9906. http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/health/services/doernbecher/research-education/education/residency/upload/res_lounge_inborn-errors-of-metabolism-clinical-presentations.pdf. 
  5. ↑ Kroh H, Bidziński J (1993). "Glial differentiation in medulloblastoma. Case report". Neuropatol Pol 31 (1-2): 75-82. ISSN 0028-3894. PMID 7516057. 
  6. ↑ de Mol AC, Vrancken S, Eggink AJ, Verduyn Lunel FM, Warris A (2006). "[The first newborn with congenital rubella syndrome during the rubella epidemic in The Netherlands in 2004/'05]". Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 150 (13): 741-6. ISSN 0028-2162. PMID 16623349. 
  7. ↑ Tanaka K, Budd MA, Efron ML, Isselbacher KJ (1966). "Isovaleric acidemia: a new genetic defect of leucine metabolism". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 56 (1): 236-42. doi:10.1073/pnas.56.1.236. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 5229850. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC285701/pdf/pnas00146-0252.pdf. 
  8. ↑ Tanner K, Fitzsimmons G, Carrol ED, Flood TJ, Clark JE (2002). "Haemophilus influenzae type b epiglottitis as a cause of acute upper airways obstruction in children". BMJ 325 (7372): 1099-100. doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7372.1099. ISSN 0959-8138. PMID 12424174. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC285701/pdf/pnas00146-0252.pdf. 
  9. ↑ Suvarna JC, Hajela SA (2008). "Cherry-red spot". J Postgrad Med 54 (1): 54-7. doi:10.4103/0022-3859.39196. ISSN 0022-3859. PMID 18296811. http://www.jpgmonline.com/article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=2008;volume=54;issue=1;spage=54;epage=57;aulast=Suvarna. 
  10. ↑ Somerville J, Grech V (2009). "The chest x-ray in congenital heart disease 1. Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and coarctation of the aorta". Images Paediatr Cardiol 11 (1): 7-9. ISSN 1729-441X. PMID 22368552. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3232600/?tool=pubmed. 
  11. ↑ Mouafo Tambo FF, Djientcheu V, Chiabi A, Mbarnjuk SA, Walburga YJ, Mbonda E, Sosso MA (2011). "Our experience in the management of infantile hydrocephalus: A study on thirty-five regrouped cases in Yaounde, Cameroon". Afr J Paediatr Surg 8 (2): 199-202. doi:10.4103/0189-6725.86062. ISSN 0189-6725. PMID 22005365. http://www.afrjpaedsurg.org/article.asp?issn=0189-6725;year=2011;volume=8;issue=2;spage=199;epage=202;aulast=Mouafo. 
  12. ↑ Kaissi AA, Ganger R, Klaushofer K, Grill F (2011). "The management of knee dislocation in a child with Larsen syndrome". Clinics (Sao Paulo) 66 (7): 1295–1299. doi:10.1590/S1807-59322011000700030. ISSN 1807-5932. PMID 21876991. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3148481/. 
  13. ↑ Bhatt YC, Vyas KA, Tandale MS, Panse NS, Bakshi HS, Srivastava RK (2008). "Maxillonasal dysplasia (Binder's syndrome) and its treatment with costal cartilage graft: A follow-up study". Indian J Plast Surg 41 (2): 151–159. doi:10.4103/0970-0358.44925. ISSN 0970-0358. PMID 19753255. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2740517/. 
  14. ↑ Park NH, Park SI, Park CS, Lee EJ, Kim MS, Ryu JA, Bae JM (2007). "Ultrasonographic findings of small bowel intussusception, focusing on differentiation from ileocolic intussusception". Br J Radiol 80 (958): 798–802. doi:10.1259/bjr/61246651. ISSN 0007-1285. PMID 17875595. 
  15. ↑ Ferguson EC, Krishnamurthy R, Oldham SA (2007). "Classic imaging signs of congenital cardiovascular abnormalities". Radiographics 27 (5): 1323-34. doi:10.1148/rg.275065148. ISSN 0271-5333. PMID 17848694. http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/27/5/1323.full. 
  16. ↑ Li M, Al-Sarraf A, Sinclair G, Frohlich J (2011). "Fish odour syndrome". CMAJ 183 (8): 929-31. doi:10.1503/cmaj.100642. ISSN 0820-3946. PMID 21422137. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091902/. 
  17. ↑ Cole C, Gazewood J (2007). "Diagnosis and treatment of impetigo". Am Fam Physician 75 (6): 859-64. ISSN 0002-838X. PMID 17390597. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/0315/p859.html. 
  18. ↑ Sharma M, Solanki RN, Gupta A, Shah AK (2005). "Different radiological presentations of congenital syphilis : four cases". Indian J Radiol Imaging 15 (1): 53. doi:10.4103/0971-3026.28745. ISSN 0971-3026. http://www.ijri.org/article.asp?issn=0971-3026;year=2005;volume=15;issue=1;spage=53;epage=57;aulast=Sharma. 
  19. ↑ Punnoose AR, Lynm C, Golub RM (2013). "JAMA patient page. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis". JAMA 309 (6): 620. doi:10.1001/2012.jama.10808. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 23403689. http://jama.jamanetwork.com/data/Journals/JAMA/926381/jpg120058_620_620.pdf. 
  20. ↑ Simon E, Wendel U, Schadewaldt P (2005). "Maple syrup urine disease-treatment and outcome in patients of Turkish descent in Germany". Turk J Pediatr 47 (1): 8-13. ISSN 0041-4301. PMID 15884622. http://www.turkishjournalpediatrics.org/pediatrics/pdf/pdf_TJP_206.pdf. 
  21. ↑ Hillson, S, Grigson, C, Bond, S (1998). "Dental defects of congenital syphilis". Am J Phys Anthropol 107 (1): 25–40. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199809)107:1<25::AID-AJPA3>3.0.CO;2-C. ISSN 00029483. PMID 9740299. 
  22. ↑ Liddell, K (1976). "Smell as a diagnostic marker". Postgrad Med J 52 (605): 136-8. doi:10.1136/pgmj.52.605.136. ISSN 0032-5473. PMID 1264934. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2496390/pdf/postmedj00279-0028.pdf. 
  23. ↑ Shaoul R, Enav B, Steiner Z, Mogilner J, Jaffe M (2004). "Clinical presentation of pyloric stenosis: the change is in our hands". Isr Med Assoc J 6 (3): 134-7. ISSN 1565-1088. PMID 15055266. http://www.ima.org.il/FilesUpload/IMAJ/0/51/25944.pdf. 
  24. ↑ Shahid M, Varshney M, Maheshwari V, Mubeen A, Siddiqui MA, Julfiqar J, Gaur K (2011). "Ewing's sarcoma of scapula: a rare entity". BMJ Case Rep 2011: bcr0220113810. doi:10.1136/bcr.02.2011.3810. ISSN 1757-790X. PMID 22701069. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3063267/. 
  25. ↑ Situ D, Reifel CW, Smith R, Lyons GW, Temkin R, Harper-Little C, Pang SC (2002). "Investigation of a cyclopic, human, term fetus by use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)". J Anat 200 (5): 431-8. doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00053.x. ISSN 0021-8782. PMID 12090389. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1570717/. 
  26. ↑ Zareen Z, Hawkes CP, Krickan ER, Dempsey EM, Ryan CA (2013). "In vitro comparison of neonatal suction catheters using simulated 'pea soup' meconium". Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 98 (3): F241-3. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2012-302495. ISSN 1359-2998. PMID 23580703. 
  27. ↑ Shirley MD, Tang H, Gallione CJ, Baugher JD, Frelin LP, Cohen B, North PE, Marchuk DA, Comi AM, Pevsner J (2013). "Sturge-Weber syndrome and port-wine stains caused by somatic mutation in GNAQ". New Eng J Med 368 (21): 1971-9. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1213507. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 23656586. 
  28. ↑ Sarma YS, Chatterjee M, Tiwari GL, Kathuria SK, Gupta A (2004). "Tropical Pyomyositis with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome". MJAFI 60 (3): 302–4. doi:10.1016/S0377-1237(04)80073-X. ISSN 03771237. http://medind.nic.in/maa/t04/i3/maat04i3p302.pdf. 
  29. ↑ Metwalley KA, Farghalley HS, Abd-Elsayed AA (2008). "Prune belly syndrome in an Egyptian infant with Down syndrome: A case report". J Med Case Rep 2 (1): 322. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-322. ISSN 1752-1947. PMID 18831729. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2566579/. 
  30. ↑ Toso C, Erne M, Lenzlinger PM, Schmid JF, Büchel H, Melcher G, Morel P (2005). "Intussusception as a cause of bowel obstruction in adults". Swiss Med Wkly 135 (5-6): 87-90. PMID 15729613. http://www.smw.ch/docs/pdf200x/2005/05/smw-10693.pdf. 
  31. ↑ Biyani CS, Cartledge JJ (2006). "Cystinuria—Diagnosis and Management". EAU-EBU Update Series 4 (5): 175–83. doi:10.1016/j.eeus.2006.06.001. ISSN 18712592. http://eu-acme.org/europeanurology/upload_articles/Cystinuria.pdf. 
  32. ↑ Cury D, Boa-Sorte N, Lyra IM, Zanette AD, Castro-Lima H, Galvão-Castro B, Gonçalves MS (2010). "Ocular lesions in sickle cell disease patients from Bahia, Brazil". Rev. bras.oftalmol 69 (4): 259–63. doi:10.1590/S0034-72802010000400010. ISSN 0034-7280. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-72802010000400010. 
  33. ↑ Wirth FA, Lowitt MH (1998). "Diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous vascular lesions". Am Fam Physician 57 (4): 765-773. ISSN 0002-838X. PMID 9490999. http://www.aafp.org/afp/1998/0215/p765.html. 
  34. ↑ Sudharshan S, Ganesh SK, Biswas J (2010). "Current approach in the diagnosis and management of posterior uveitis". Indian J Ophthalmol 58 (1): 29. doi:10.4103/0301-4738.58470. ISSN 0301-4738. PMID 20029144. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2841371/. 
  35. ↑ Steichen O, Dautheville S (2009). "Koplik spots in early measles". CMAJ 180 (5): 583. doi:10.1503/cmaj.080724. ISSN 0820-3946. PMID 19255085. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2645467/. 
  36. ↑ Cera, SM (2008). "Intestinal Intussusception". Clin Colon Rectal Surg 21 (2): 106-13. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1075859. ISSN 1531-0043. PMID 20011406. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2780199/. 
  37. ↑ Tokuda Y, Uozumi T, Sakoda K, Yamada K, Yamanaka M, Nomura S, Hamasaki T (1990). "Giant congenital capillary hemangioma of pericranium--case report". Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 30 (13): 1029-33. doi:10.2176/nmc.30.1029. ISSN 0470-8105. PMID 1714050. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/nmc1959/30/13/30_13_1029/_pdf. 
  38. ↑ North PE, Waner M, Mizeracki A, Mihm MC Jr (2000). "GLUT1: A newly discovered immunohistochemical marker for juvenile hemangiomas". Hum Pathol 31 (1): 11–22. doi:10.1016/S0046-8177(00)80192-6. ISSN 00468177. PMID 10665907. 
  39. ↑ Solanki LS, Srivastava N, Singh S (2008). "Superantigens: a brief review with special emphasis on dermatologic diseases". Dermatol Online J 14 (2): 3. doi:10.5070/D347G8W51M. ISSN 10872108. PMID 18700106. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/47g8w51m. 
  40. ↑ Bleggi-Torres LF, de Medeiros BC, Ogasawara VS, Loddo G, Zanis Neto J, Pasquini R, de Medeiros CR (1997). "Wernicke's encephalopathy in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a study of eight cases". Bone Marrow Transplant 20 (5): 391-5. doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1700892. ISSN 02683369. PMID 9339755. http://www.nature.com/bmt/journal/v20/n5/pdf/1700892a.pdf. 
  41. ↑ Goyal V, Tripathi M (2000). "Sunflower cataract in Wilson's disease". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 69 (1): 133. doi:10.1136/jnnp.69.1.133. ISSN 00223050. PMID 10864623. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1737031/pdf/v069p00133.pdf. 
  42. ↑ Mant D, Van den Bruel A (2011). "Should we promote the tumbler test?". Arch Dis Child 96 (7): 613-4. doi:10.1136/adc.2010.191510. ISSN 0003-9888. PMID 20660526. 


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