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Lative [1] [2]

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Singular

Lative marker

-k

Lative marker

-n

Lative marker

-s


Pronunciation

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  1. The final -k is pronounced as -G in Eastern Votic dialect. All the other dialects both in Ingria and Estonia have lost the phoneme *k in the end of words e.g. tšīniG ~ tšīni (" fixed "): ve̮tti tšīni ("He catched it"), pani tšīni ("He fixed it") .
  2. The final -n was pronounced as a prolongation of the preceding vowel e.g. tagā (" back(wards) ").
  3. The final -s may be pronounced -Z or -z caused by sandhi
    1. in the absolute end - aлaZ ("down(wards)")
    2. in front of a voiceless consonant - tšäütteleb ̮ etēZ ̮ tagāZ ("(Se) walks back and forth.")
    3. in front of a voiced consonant or a vowel - z ̮ isuB (" She sits again.")


Usage

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Lative has been preserved only in adverbs .

It may express

  1. moving towards something - e.g. aлaz ~ aлā ("down(wards)"), ülez ('up'), tagaz ('back'), tšäütteleb ̮ etēZ ̮ tagāZ ("(Se) walks back and forth.")
  2. time - e.g. tāz ("again"), sīz ("then")


Dialectal alternatives

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Other Finnic dialects [4]

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References

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  1. Ariste, Paul Vadja keele grammatika. Tartu, 1948. p. 42, 102-115
  2. Laanest, Arvo: Sissejuhatus läänemeresoome keeltesse, Tallinn 1975. p.190
  3. Ariste, Paul Vadja keele grammatika. Tartu, 1948. p. 26
  4. Laanest, Arvo: Sissejuhatus läänemeresoome keeltesse, Tallinn 1975. p.190

See also

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