Progress and Prospects in Parkinson's Research/Symptoms/Gegenhalten

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Involuntary variable resistance during passive movement

The following references are relevant:-

Bahram et al (2009) Exercise therapy, quality of life, and activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson disease: a small scale quasi-randomised trial [1]

Franzen et al (2009) Reduced Performance in Balance, Walking and Turning Tasks is Associated with Increased Neck Tone in Parkinson's Disease [2]

Xia et al (2011) Differentiation between the contributions of shortening reaction and stretch-induced inhibition to rigidity in Parkinson’s disease [3]

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References

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  1. Yousefi, Bahram; Tadibi Valud; Khoei, Ali Fathollahzadeh and Montazen, Ali (2009) Full Text Trials 2009 10 67 Exercise therapy, quality of life, and activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson disease: a small scale quasi-randomised trial < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2736167/
  2. Franzen, Erika; Paquette, Caroline; Gurfunkel, Victor S.; Cordo, Paul J.; Nutt, John G. and Horak, Fay B. (2009) Full Text Exp. Neurol. 218 (2) 430 – 438 Reduced Performance in Balance, Walking and Turning Tasks is Associated with Increased Neck Tone in Parkinson's Disease http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775914/
  3. Xia, Ruiping; Powell, Douglas ; Rymer, W. Zev ; Hanson, Nicholas; Fang, Xiang and Joseph A. 2011 Full Text Exp. Brain Res. 209 (4) 609 – 618 Differentiation between the contributions of shortening reaction and stretch-induced inhibition to rigidity in Parkinson’s disease http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3142787/