Literature/1980/Schank
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Authors
edit- w: Roger C. Schank
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University
- w: Janet L. Kolodner
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University
- Gerald DeJong
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University
Abstract
editIf we want to build intelligent information retrieval systems, we will have to give them the capabilities of understanding natural language, automatically organizing and reorganizing their memories, and using intelligent heuristics for searching their memories. These systems will have to analyze and understand both new text and Natural Language queries. In answering questions, they will have to direct memory search to reasonable places. This requires good organization of both the conceptual content of text and knowledge necessary for understanding those texts and accessing memory. The CYRUS and FRUMP systems (Kolodner (1978), Schank and Kolodner (1979), Dejong (1979)) comprise an information retrieval system called CyFr. Together, they have the analysis and retrieval capabilities mentioned above. FRUMP analysis news stories from the UPI wire for their conceptual content, and produces summaries of those stories. It sends summaries of stories about important people to CYRUS automatically adds those stories to its memory, and can then retrieve that information to answer question posed to it in natural language. This paper describes the problems involved in building such an intelligent system. It proposes solutions to some of those problems bases on recent research in Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language processing, and describes the CyFr system, which implements those solutions. The solutions we propose and implement are based on a model of human understanding and memory retrieval. (Author) [1]
Excerpts
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editChronology
edit- Literature/1990/Schank [^]
- Literature/1984/Schank [^]
- Schank, Roger C.; Janet L. Kolodner & Gerald DeJong (1980). "Conceptual Information Retrieval." Proceedings of the 3rd annual ACM conference on research and development in information retrieval (SIGIR '80, Cambridge, England, 1980) Kent, UK: Butterworth, 1981. pp. 94-116. [^]
- Smith, Linda Cheryl (1980). "'Memex' as an image of potentiality in information retrieval research and development." Proceedings of the 3rd annual ACM conference on research and development in information retrieval (SIGIR '80, Cambridge, England, 1980) Kent, UK: Butterworth, 1981. pp. 345-369. [^] Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; refs with no name must have content - Literature/1977/Oddy [^]
- Literature/1977/Schank [^]
- Belkin, Nicholas J. & Stephen E. Robertson (1976). "Information Science and the Phenomenon of Information," Journal of the American Society for Information Science (Jul-Aug 1976) 27 (4): 197-204. [^]
- Fillmore, Charles J. (1976). "Frame Semantics and the Nature of Language," in: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: Conference on the Origin and Development of Language and Speech. Volume 280: 20-32. [^]
- Bobrow, Daniel G. & Allan M. Collins eds. (1975). Representation and Understanding: Studies in Cognitive Science (Language, Thought, and Culture). New York, NY: Academic Press. [^]
- Kochen, Manfred, ed. (1975). Information for Action: from Knowledge to Wisdom. New York: Academic Press. [^]
- Minsky, Marvin (1975). "A Framework for Representing Knowledge," in: Winston, Patrick, ed. (1975). The Psychology of Computer Vision. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 211-77. [^]
- Schank, Roger C. (1975). "The Structure of Episodes in Memory," in: Literature/1975/Bobrow pp. 237-272. [^]
- Schank, Roger (1975). "Using Knowledge to understand," in: Nash-Webber, Bonnie L. & Roger C. Schank eds. (1975). Proceedings of the 1975 Workshop on Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing (TINLAP '75), Stroudsburg, PA: Association for Computational Linguistics. pp. 117-121. [^]
- Bush, Vannevar (1945). "As We May Think." The Atlantic Monthly (July 1945): 101-108. [^]
- Wells, H. G. (1938). World Brain. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran & Co. [^]
- Ogden, C. K. & I. A. Richards (1923). The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. [^]
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| The shade of the bar looks invariant in isolation but variant in context, in (favor of) sharp contrast with the color gradient background, hence an innate illusion we have to reasonably interpret and overcome as well as the mirage. Such variance appearing seasonably from context to context may not only be the case with our vision but worldview in general in practice indeed, whether a priori or a posteriori. Perhaps no worldview from nowhere, without any point of view or prejudice at all!
Ogden & Richards (1923) said, "All experience ... is either enjoyed or interpreted ... or both, and very little of it escapes some degree of interpretation." H. G. Wells (1938) said, "The human individual is born now to live in a society for which his fundamental instincts are altogether inadequate." |