Esperanto/Lesson 7

Previous lesson — Main page — Next lesson

The theme of this lesson is family. The relevant vocabulary and the affixes that are useful to refer to family relationships will be covered.

Theme vocabulary

Noun	Audio	Meaning
familio		family
parenco		relative
patro		father
filo		son
avo		grandfather
nepo		grandson
onklo		uncle
nevo		(male) nephew
kuzo		(male) cousin
fianĉo		fiancé
edzo 1		husband
orfo		orphan
vidvo		widower

1. Note on pronunciation: edzo is pronounced "e-dzo" not "ed-zo", so with the "dz" in the same syllable.

Affixes

There are a number of prefixes that are used to refer to family relationships, bo-, ge-, pra-, vic-, and eks-.

bo-

The prefix "bo-" indicates a relationship by marriage, i.e. in-laws.

Examples
Derived word	Meaning	Audio
bopatro	father-in-law
boonklino	aunt-in-law
bonepo	grandson-in-law

ge-

The prefix "ge-" indicates both sexes together. It was originally used only in the plural, but is nowadays also used to indicate sex-neutral words where base words refer to males.

Examples
Derived word	Meaning	Audio
gepatroj	parents
gefratoj	siblings
bogeavoj	grandparents-in-law
gepatro	parent
geonklo	uncle or aunt
genepoj	grandchildren

pra-

The prefix "pra-" indicates a more distant relationship than the base word.

Examples
Derived word	Meaning	Audio
praavo	great-grandfather
bopragenepo	great-grandson-in-law
praonklino	great-aunt
praa	primordial

vic-

The prefix "vic-" indicates family members were born from a previous partner.

Examples
Derived word	Meaning	Audio
vicfilino	stepdaughter
vicavo	stepgrandfather
vicbogefratoj	stepsiblings-in-law

eks-

The prefix "eks-" indicates a former relationship or former quality, like the English ex-.

Examples
Derived word	Meaning	Audio
eksbopatro	ex-father-in-law
eksboonklino	ex-aunt-in-law
eksprezidento	ex-president

Vocabulary

Word	Audio	Meaning

Exercises

Previous lesson — Main page — Next lesson