WikiJournal of Medicine/Vitamin D as an adjunct for acute community-acquired pneumonia among infants and children: systematic review and meta-analysis/XML

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  <journal>
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    <full_title>WikiJournal of Medicine/Vitamin D as an adjunct for acute community-acquired pneumonia among infants and children: systematic review and meta-analysis</full_title>
    <abbrev_title>Wiki.J.Med.</abbrev_title>
    <issn media_type='electronic'>2002-4436 / 2470-6345 / 2639-5347</issn>
    <doi_data>
     <doi>10.15347/WJM</doi>
     <resource>http://www.WikiJMed.org/</resource>
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   <journal_issue>  
    <publication_date media_type='online'>     
     <year>2019</year>  
    </publication_date>   
    <journal_volume>     
     <volume></volume>
    </journal_volume>   
    <issue>1</issue>
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   <journal_article publication_type='full_text'>   
    <titles>     
     <title>Vitamin D as an adjunct for acute community-acquired pneumonia among infants and children: systematic review and meta-analysis</title>
    </titles>   
    <contributors>
    <person_name sequence='first' contributor_role='author'>
     <surname></surname>
    </person_name>  
    </contributors> 
    <publication_date media_type='online'>     
     <year>2019</year>
    </publication_date>   
    <doi_data>     
     <doi>10.15347/wjm/2017.005</doi>     
     <resource>https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/WikiJournal of Medicine/Vitamin D as an adjunct for acute community-acquired pneumonia among infants and children: systematic review and meta-analysis</resource>
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     <license-p>[[File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg|11px|link=Wikipedia:Open Access]] [[File:Cc.logo.circle.svg|16px|link=Wikipedia:Creative Commons]]
This is an open access article distributed under the&nbsp;[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution License], which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
    </license>
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   <abstract>
    </p>
Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity among infants and children, particularly in low and middle income countries. Vitamin D, which plays a role in innate as well as adaptive immunity, is a candidate low-cost intervention as an adjunct for treatment of CAP.  Methods: We searched multiple electronic databases as well as grey literature to search for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on vitamin D as an adjunct in infants and children with CAP. We used the Cochrane methodology for assessing risk of bias and, where adequate data was available, conducted a meta-analysis using a fixed or random-effects model as applicable. We assessed overall evidence quality using the GRADE approach.  Findings: We screened 272 unique papers and 25 clinical trial registry records and identified three completed and three ongoing trials based on our inclusion criteria. Two completed trials were from India and one from Afghanistan. These three RCTs included a total of 977 participants. Baseline and follow-up vitamin D status was reported in only one RCT. There was no significant effect of vitamin D noted on clinical cure rates (risk ratio (RR) 1.01; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91, 1.13; one study, 200 participants, low quality on GRADE), and all-cause mortality (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.23, 4.41; three trials, 977 participants, low quality on GRADE). Pooled analyses was not possible for the outcomes of time to clinical recovery of pneumonia and total duration of hospital stay, but none of the trials which studied them demonstrated any significant effect of vitamin D on these outcomes individually.  Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence available from RCTs to justify the routine use of vitamin D in infants and children with CAP currently and more research is needed to understand several issues related to this.  Registration: PROSPERO ID [http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42014010259 2014:CRD42014010259]
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