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Social Victorians/People/George and Mary

< Social Victorians | People

Also Known As

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  • Surname, or House of: Windsor, as of 1917
  • Prince George of Wales
  • Princess Mary of Teck
  • May of Teck
  • Duke of York
    • Prince George of Wales (24 May 1892 – )
  • Duchess of York
  • Prince of Wales
    • George Frederick Ernest Albert (9 November 1901 – 6 May 1910)[1]
  • King George V
    • George Frederick Ernest Albert (6 May 1910 – 20 January 1936)

Acquaintances, Friends and Enemies

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Prince George of Wales

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Organizations

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Timeline

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1886 May, Mary of Teck's debutante season and presentation at court.

1891 late November or December, Mary of Teck and Albert Victor, Prince of Wales became engaged to be married.

1892 January 14, Albert Victor died, and Prince George of Wales became second in line to the throne, after his father.

1893 July 6, George, Prince of Wales and Mary of Teck married in the Chapel Royal, St. James's Palace, and she became Duchess of York.

1897 July 2, Friday, May, Duchess of York (#4 in the list of attendees) and Prince George of Wales, Duke of York (#3 in the list of attendees) attended the Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball.

1901 November 9, George, Duke of Cornwall and York was created Prince of Wales.

1911 June 22, the coronation of King George V and Mary in Westminster Abbey.

Costume at the Duchess of Devonshire's 2 July 1897 Fancy-dress Ball

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Duke and Duchess of York, as a lady attending Marguerite de Valois and George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland

The portrait by Lafayette of Prince George, Duke of York and Mary Teck, Duchess of York in costume was photogravure #9 in the album presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.[3] The printing on the portrait says, "H.R.H. The Duke of York, as George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, / H.R.H. The Duchess of York, as a Lady of the Court of Marguerite de Valois," with a Long S in Duchess.[4]

Mary, Duchess of York

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At the Duchess of Devonshire's 2 July 1897 fancy-dress ball, Mary of Teck, the Duchess of York was dressed as a person in the court of Marguerite de Valois and sat at Table 3 in the first supper seating.[5]:p. 7, Col 5a

Russell Harris says,

The Duchess, in the entourage of Alexandra, Princess of Wales, was robed as a lady at the court of Marguerite de Valois, a choice most probably influenced by the popularity of Meyerbeer’s opera Les Huguenots and the fact that the Princess of Wales needed six contemporaneous ladies in her entourage. For the role, the Duchess wears a blue satin dress, embroidered with silver, with a high wired lace collar studded with diamonds.

Among the identifiable jewels adorning the costume and the person, and showing the future Queen’s incipient appreciation of jewellery, are the ‘Girls of Great Britain and Ireland’ tiara, diamond and drop pearl earrings, a five-row pearl necklace with the ‘Warwick’ sun brooch attached as pendant; the ‘Ladies of England’ pearl and diamond necklace, a baroque pearl and diamond brooch, a diamond stomacher, the ‘Kensington’ bow brooch; the ‘Dorset’ bow brooch and diamond and pearl bracelets attached to the the cuffs.[6]

Newspaper Descriptions of the Duchess of York’s Costume

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  • "The Duchess of York, who was one of the Ladies in Attendance on the Princess of Wales, wore a blue satin dress, of the period of Margaret de Valois, covered with pearls and diamonds. The front of the skirt and the bodice were a shimmering mass of diamonds, and the high lace collar was enframed in diamond necklaces."[7]:p. 3, Col. 2c
  • The Duchess of York came as a person in the court of "Marguerite de Valois. Pale blue satin embroidered all over in pearls and silver, with seven large diamond stars down the front of the skirt; the satin bodice embroidered in bows and knots in diamonds on the stomacher, and the top ornamented with large pendant pearls; Medici collar of old lace embroidered with silver; sleeves to match and deep cuffs encrusted with pearls and diamonds, and round the waist a silver fringe studded with diamonds."[5]:p. 7, Col 6c
  • "The Duchess of York as Marguerite de Valois. Pale blue satin, embroidered all over in pearls and silver, with seven large diamond stars down the front of the skirt; the satin bodice embroidered in bows and knots in diamonds on the stomacher, and the top ornamented with large pendant pearls. Medici collar of old lace embroidered with silver; sleeves to match, and deep cuffs encrusted with pearls and diamonds; and round the waist a silver fringe studded with diamonds."[8]:p. 12, Col. 3a
  • She and the Duke of York were attended by Lady Mary Lygon and Sir Charles Cust.[9]
  • She accompanied the Princess of Wales as a member of her court, along with the Duchess of Fife, Princess Victoria of Wales, Princess Charles of Denmark, and Princess Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein. Another description: "The Duchess of York was in pale blue satin, profusely embroidered in silver, paste, and pearls, and with a high wired lace collar studded with brilliants. On the front of the gown from hem to waist were graduated diamond stars, the stomacher was covered with diamonds, and the neck and basque of the bodice were outlined with pearls and diamonds. The hair was worn in the fashion of the period, and the diamond band rested almost on the forehead in front, and was caught at each side by diamond York roses. A little coronet of diamonds with pearl spikes was fastened on the top of the hair at the back."[10]:p. 5, Col. 6c
  • "The Duchess of York, who was one of the ladies in attendance on the Princess of Wales, wore a blue satin dress of the period, covered with silver, pearl, and diamond embroidery. The front of the skirt and bodice were a mass of splendid diamond ornaments, and the high lace collar was enframed by diamond necklaces."[11]:p. 5, Col. 9b
  • "The Duchess of York, who was one of the Ladies in Attendance on the Princess of Wales, wore a blue satin dress, of the period of Margaret de Valois covered with pearls and diamonds. The front of the skirt and the bodice were a shimmering mass of diamonds, and the high lace collar was enframed in diamond necklaces."[12]:p. 11, Col. 4b
  • The "Duchess represented a princess in the suite of Margaret of Valois, in blue satin, with silver embroideries."[13]
  • "The Princess of Wales … was attended by the Duchess of York in pale blue satin, embroidered in silver, pearls, and diamonds ….. All the Princesses wore a profusion of diamonds."[14]
  • "The Duchess of York wore pale blue satin embroidered all over in pearls and silver, with seven large diamond stars down the front of the skirt; the satin bodice embroidered in bows and knots in diamonds on the stomacher, and the top ornamented with large pendant pearls. Medici collar of old lace embroidered with silver sleeves to match and deep cuffs encrusted with pearls and diamonds."[15]
  • "The Duchess of York, as a lady of the same period [as her mother, who was dressed as Queen Margot of Valois], wore blue satin, embroidered in crystals, silver, and pearls, with a fine show of diamonds."[16]
  • Mr. W. Clarkson "supplied the wigs and headdresses for the Royal Family."[5]:p. 8, Col. 2a

George, Duke of York

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At the Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball, the Duke of York, who was Prince George of Wales, at this point heir to the throne after his father, was dressed as George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland and sat at Table 5.[5]:p. 7, Col. 5a His costume was "supplied by Mr. Alias, of Soho-square."[5]:p. 8, Col. 2a He and the Duchess of York were attended by Lady Mary Lygon and Sir Charles Cust.[9] Mr. W. Clarkson "supplied the wigs and headdresses for the Royal Family."[5]:p. 8, Col. 2a

 
George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland
 
Prince George's costume includes what may be a light blue ribbon around his neck with something like this badge of the Order of the Garter hanging from it.

Prince George of Wales was wearing a ribbon of the Order of the Garter around his neck. Russsell Harris says,

For the Ball, the Duke of York is costumed as “The Queen’s Champion” in the Elizabethan procession. The costume, by Monsieur Alias, a renowned London theatrical costumier, is very closely modelled on a 1590 portrait by the miniaturist Nicholas Hilliard of George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland (1558-1605) – the champion of Queen Elizabeth I, who played an important part in the destruction of the Spanish Armada and was first Governor of the East India Company. The Duke himself was a navy man and had been married wearing the uniform of a naval captain. Monsieur Alias ensured that the press had detailed costume descriptions for publication informing history that the Duke wears a pourpoint and sleeves of Genoa ciselé velvet embroidered with gold. His trunks are crimson velvet embroidered gold over grey satin. The high grey suede boots are rolled down at the top and in his grey felt hat he the a copy of the jewelled glove given to Cumberland by Queen Elizabeth I. The uncomfortable-looking steel gorget was lined with gold.[6]

Newspaper Descriptions of the Duke of York's Costume

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  • Another description: "The Duke of York, as George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, wore a grey velvet doublet and cape, with broad bands of gold embroidery and jewelled singlets. His steel gorget was inlaid with gold, and his crimson velvet trunks were slashed with grey satin embroidered with gold. The high grey suède boots were turned over at the top. In his grey felt hat was a white feather, and in front was a jewelled glove, always worn by the Earl and given him by Queen Elizabeth. The cape was lined with crimson satin and finished with a collar of the same. The Order of the Garter crossed his chest."[10]:p. 5, Col. 6a
  • "The Duke of York, as George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland. Pourpoint and sleeves of Genoa velvet ciselé, with small basques, embroidered gold all over with bands of embroidery in front of pourpoint and side seams of sleeves certis of jewels. Trunks of bands of crimson velvet embroidered gold covering bouillonné of gray satin. Gorget of steel damasquiné gold with ruff round. High felt hat, with brim turned up and three gray feathers, cordelière glove fixed in front of hat, which this commander always wore and which was given him by Queen Elizabeth. Hauts de chausse gray silk. High boots gray suéde. Crispin gloves. Mantle of Genoa velvet ciselé, embroidered with band all round, embroidered and studded with jewels. Sword belt of gray velvet with gold mounts. Gold hilted sword, gray velvet scabbard. Riband of the Garter round neck with Order."[8]:p. 12, Col. 3a
  • "George Clifford Earl of Cumberland. An Elizabethan costume in pale grey brocaded velvet and satin, the sleeves and trunks being trimmed with terra-cotta bands, embroidered in gold, pearls, and diamonds; the short grey cloak and collar with sharp points at the sides were lined with terra-cotta satin; broad brimmed grey hat, trimmed with gold cord, the grey feathers fastened in with the lady's gold embroidered glove; and high grey boots."[5]:p. 7, Col. 6c
  • "The Duke of York came as George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, scholar and naval commander, who fought with the Armada, and won the favour of Queen Elizabeth. His Royal Highness appeared to great advantage in pourpoint of Genoese velvet, with small basques embroidered with gold. The trunks were of crimson velvet, embroidered with gold, covering bouillonné of grey satin. ln the high felt hat, with upturned brim and three grey feathers, was the glove — the token of Elizabeth's favour. The breeches were of grey silk, with high boots of grey suede, and Crespin gloves. Over this resplendent costume was thrown a mantle of Genoese velvet, around which ran a band embroidered with jewels. The sword belt was of grey velvet, and the hilt of the sword was of gold. His Royal Highness wore the Riband and Order of the Garter."[7]:p. 3, Col. 2c
  • "... the Duke of York as George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, wearing in front of his felt cap the glove which was given to this naval hero by Queen Elizabeth. He was brilliant in crimson and gold with a gorget of damasquiné gold."[17]:p. 8, Col. 2c
  • According to the Pall Mall Gazette, "The Duke of York as George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, wore a suit of grey and crimson, richly embroidered with gold and flashing with jewels."[13]
  • "THE DUKE OF YORK as George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland. Pourpoint and sleeves of Genoa velvet ciselé, with small basques embroidered gold all over with bands of embroidery in front of pourpoint and side seams of sleeves certis of jewels. Trunks of bands of crimson velvet embroidered gold covering bouillonné of grey satin. Gorget of steel damasquiné gold with ruff round. High felt hat with brim turned up and three grey feathers, cordelière glove fixed in front of hat which this Commander always wore, and which was given him by Queen Elizabeth. Hauts de chausse, grey silk. High boots, grey suéde. Crispin gloves. Mantle of Genoa velvet ciselé, embroidered with band all round, embroidered and studded with jewels. Swordbelt of grey velvet with gold mounts. Gold-hilted sword, grey velvet scabbard. Ribbon of the Garter round neck with Order."[18]:2, Col. 6b
  • "The Duke of York, as George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, in the reign of Elizabeth, wore a doublet of brocaded grey velvet, with gorget of gold-embossed steel and crimson satin trunks, slashed with grey. The mantle was to match, and all was ornamented with rich embroidery in gold, silver, and gems. The grey hat had grey plumes, and a jewelled white glove, a gift from the Queen, was fastened in the front."[11]:p. 5, Col. 9b
  • "The Duke of York, in the character of the Earl of Cumberland of Elizabeth's reign, was also in grey velvet cape and doublet, the trunks crimson velvet slashed with grey. The high grey suede boots were rolled outwards at the top, and in the front of his grey felt hat was a jewelled cordelière glove, representing that given by good Queen Bess to her faithful Cumberland."[19]:41, Col. 2a
  • "The Duke of York, as George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, in the reign of Elizabeth, wore a doublet of brocaded grey velvet with gorget of gold embossed steel, crimson satin trunks slashed with grey. The mantel was to match, and all was ornamented with rich embroidery in gold, silver, and gems."[20]:p. 2, Col. 7b
  • "H.R.H. the Duke of York came as George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, and wore pourpoint, and sleeves of Genoa velvet ciselé; trucks of banks of crimson velvet, embroidered gold covering bouillonné of grey satin; gorget of steel d’amasquiné [? damasquiné?] gold with ruff round; high felt hat with brim turned up, and three grey feathers, cordeliere glove fixed in front of hat, which this commander always wore, and which was given him by Queen Elizabeth; ribbon of the Garter round neck with Order."[21]:p. 41, Col. 1a–b
  • According to The Graphic, "In the Duke of York’s dress the pourpoint and sleeves were of Genoa belvet ciselé, with small basques embroidered gold all over. Trunks of bands of crimson velvet embroidered gold covering bouillonné of grey satin. Gorget of steel damasquiné gold with ruff round. High felt hat, with brim turned up and three grey feathers, cordelière glove fixed in front of hat. Mantle of Genoa velvet ciselé. Riband of the Garter round neck with Order."[15]
  • This description accompanies a flattering line drawing of the Duke of York in costume (Top right drawing, with sword, signed “Rook”): "THE DUKE OF YORK, as George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland. — pourpoint and sleeves of Genoa velvet ciselé, with small basques [?], embroidered gold all over, with bands of embroidery in front of pourpoint, and side seams of sleeves certis of jewels; trunks of bands of crimson velvet, embroidered gold, covering bouillonné of grey satin ; gorget of steel damasquiné gold, with ruff round; high felt hat, with brim turned up and three grey feathers; cordelière glove fixed in front of hat, which this commander always wore, and which was given him by Queen Elizabeth: haute de chausse, grey silk; high boots, grey Suède; Crispin gloves; mantle of Genoa velvet ciselé, embroidered with band all round, embroidered and studded with jewels; sword-belt of grey velvet, with gold mounts; gold-hilted sword, grey velvet scabbard; ribbon of the Garter round neck, with Order. Made by Alias, 36, Soho-square."[22]:Col. 3a–b
  • "The Duke of York came as George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, scholar and naval commander, who fought with the Armada, and won the favour of Queen Elizabeth. His Royal Highness appeared to great advantage in pourpoint of Genoese velvet, with small basques embroidered with gold. The trunks were of crimson velvet, embroidered with gold, covering bouillonne of grey satin. In the high felt hat, with upturned brim and three grey feathers, was the glove — the token of Elizabeth's favour. The breeches were of grey silk, with high boots of grey suede, and Crespin gloves. Over this resplendent costume was thrown a mantle of Genoese velvet, around which ran a band embroidered with jewels. The sword belt was of grey velvet, and the hilt of the sword was of gold. His Royal Highness wore the Riband and Order of the Garter."[12]:p. 11, Col. 4b
  • According to the Man of Ross, "The Duke of York as George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, had a grey Genoa velvet pourpoint, embroidered in gold and slashed with crimson. In his grey felt hat the Duke wore the white glove given by Queen Elizabeth to the earl."[14]

George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland (8 August 1558 – 30 October 1605) was contemporary with Queen Elizabeth I and her champion in jousting.[23] The portrait (upper right) of George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland was painted after Nicholas Hilliard in about 1590.[24] It was purchased by the National Portrait Gallery, London in 1869.[25]

Demographics

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  • Nationality: British

Residences

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  • York Cottage, Sandringham, Norfolk[1]
  • St. James's Palace

Family

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  • George of Wales, Duke of York and Prince of Wales: George Frederick Ernest Albert (3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936)[1]
  • Princess (Victoria Mary) May or Mary of Teck: Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes (26 May 1867 – 24 March 1953)[26]
    1. Edward, Prince of Wales, later Edward VIII and then Duke of Windsor (23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972)
    2. Prince Albert, Duke of York, later George VI (14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952)
    3. Mary, Princess Royal (25 April 1897 – 28 March 1965)
    4. Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (31 March 1900 – 10 June 1974)
    5. Prince George, Duke of Kent (20 December 1902 – 25 August 1942)
    6. Prince John (12 July 1905 – 18 January 1919)

Relations

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  • Princess May of Teck and George of Wales, Duke of York are the grandparents of Queen Elizabeth II; they were George V and Mary, Queen Consort.

Prince George of Wales

Princess Mary of Teck

  1. Princess (Victoria Mary) May or Mary of Teck
  2. Prince Adolphus of Teck
  3. Prince Francis of Teck
  4. Prince Alexander of Teck

Notes and Questions

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Footnotes

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "George V". Wikipedia. 2020-09-09. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_V&oldid=977603683. 
  2. ↑ Thompson, Matthew. In "The American Heiress and British Aristocrat – The Love Story of the 8th Duke and Duchess of Roxburghe". Past Loves. 2022-01-25. Retrieved 2024-06-28. Interview for the Past Loves Podcast. https://pastlovespodcast.co.uk/2022/01/25/floors-castle-love-story/.
  3. ↑ "Devonshire House Fancy Dress Ball (1897): photogravures by Walker & Boutall after various photographers." 1899. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait-list.php?set=515 (accessed May 2019).
  4. ↑ "Queen Mary when Duchess of York as a Lady of the Court of Marguerite de Valois and King George V the Duke of York as George Clifford Earl of Cumberland." Devonshire House Fancy Dress Ball Album. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw158361/Queen-Mary-when-Duchess-of-York-as-a-Lady-of-the-Court-of-Marguerite-de-Valois-and-King-George-V-when-Duke-of-York-as-George-Clifford-Earl-of-Cumberland(accessed May 2019).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 "Fancy Dress Ball at Devonshire House." Morning Post Saturday 3 July 1897: 7 [of 12], Col. 4a–8 Col. 2b. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18970703/054/0007.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Harris, Russell. "King George V & Queen Mary at the Devonshire House Ball 1897, by Lafayette". lafayette.org.uk. Retrieved 2024-07-23. The Lafayette Negative Archive http://lafayette.org.uk/g_m5708.html.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 “The Ball at Devonshire House. Magnificent Spectacle. Description of the Dresses.” London Evening Standard 3 July 1897 Saturday: 3 [of 12], Cols. 1a–5b [of 7]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000183/18970703/015/0004.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Ball at Devonshire House." Times Saturday 3 July 1897: 12, Cols. 1a–4c. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "The Duke and Duchess of York." The Morning Post Saturday 3 July 1897: 7 [of 12], Col. 2c. British Newspaper Archive http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18970703/050/0007.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Duchess of Devonshire's Fancy Ball. A Brilliant Spectacle. Some of the Dresses." London Daily News Saturday 3 July 1897: 5 [of 10], Col. 6a–6, Col. 1b. British Newspaper Archive http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000051/18970703/024/0005 and http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0000051/18970703/024/0006.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "The Duchess of Devonshire's Fancy Dress Ball. Special Telegram." Belfast News-Letter Saturday 03 July 1897: 5 [of 8], Col. 9 [of 9]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0000038/18970703/015/0005.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "The Duchess of Devonshire’s Historic Ball. Some of the Fancy Costumes." Supplement. The Leicester Chronicle and Leicestershire Mercury 10 July 1897, Saturday: 11 [of 12], Cols. 4A–B. British Newspaper Archive http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000173/18970710/141/0011.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 “The Devonshire House Ball. A Brilliant Gathering.” The Pall Mall Gazette 3 July 1897, Saturday: 7 [of 10], Col. 2A–3A. British Newspaper Archive http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000098/18970703/019/0007.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 “The Devonshire House Ball.” The Man of Ross 10 July 1897, Saturday: 2 [of 8], Col. 4b. British Newspaper Archive http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001463/18970710/033/0002.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Greville, Violet, Lady. "Devonshire House Ball." The Graphic Saturday 10 July 1897: 15 [of 24]: Col. 1a–16, Col. 1c. British Newspaper Archive http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000057/18970710/019/0015.
  16. ↑ “The Duchess’s Costume Ball.” Westminster Gazette 03 July 1897 Saturday: 5 [of 8], Cols. 1a–3b [of 3]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002947/18970703/035/0005.
  17. ↑ “Devonshire House Ball.” St. James’s Gazette 3 July 1897, Saturday: 8 [of 16], Col. 2a – 9, Col. 2b [of 2]. British Newspaper Archive  https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0001485/18970703/032/0008.
  18. ↑ “A Jubilee Ball. Brilliant Scene at Devonshire House. Some of the Costumes Worn.” The London Echo 3 July 1897, Saturday: 2 [of 4], Cols. 6a – 7a [of 7]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004596/18970703/027/0002.
  19. ↑ “Girls’ Gossip.” Truth 8 July 1897, Thursday: 41 [of 70], Col. 1b – 42, Col. 2c. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0002961/18970708/089/0041.
  20. ↑ "The Duchess of Devonshire's Great Ball. Remarkable Social Function. Crowds of Mimic Kings & Queens. Panorama of Historical Costume. An Array of Priceless Jewels." Western Gazette 9 July 1897: 2 [of 8], Col. 7a–c. British Newspaper Archive http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000407/18970709/009/0002.
  21. ↑ “The Duchess of Devonshire’s Ball.” The Gentlewoman 10 July 1897 Saturday: 32–42 [of 76], Cols. 1a–3c [of 3]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18970710/155/0032.
  22. ↑ “Dress at Devonshire House on July 2.” The Queen, The Lady’s Newspaper 10 July 1897, Saturday: 39 [of 98 in BNA; p. 65 on print page], full page [3 of 3 cols.]. British Newspaper Archive  https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0002627/18970710/137/0039.
  23. ↑ "George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland". Wikipedia. 2021-12-27. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Clifford,_3rd_Earl_of_Cumberland&oldid=1062206713.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Clifford,_3rd_Earl_of_Cumberland.
  24. ↑ Hilliard, After Nicholas (c. 1590), George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberlandlabel QS:Len,"George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland", retrieved 2022-01-20. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:George_Clifford_3rd_Earl_of_Cumberland_after_Nicholas_Hilliard.jpg.
  25. ↑ "George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland | Art UK". artuk.org. Retrieved 2022-01-20. https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/george-clifford-3rd-earl-of-cumberland-158151.
  26. ↑ "Mary of Teck". Wikipedia. 2020-09-19. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_of_Teck&oldid=979174592. 
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