OToPS/LAMS
Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS)
editThis page reproduces and expands the closing report for NIH R01 MH073967.
Here's a link that will search PubMed for all articles that list the LAMS grant as a source of support. This is not exactly the same thing as the set of papers that used the data (as it is limited to those that are indexed on PubMed and correctly identified the funding source), but the results overlap a lot.
Sources of Information
editA complete copy of the baseline assessment materials is linked here (580 pages).
The "Source" column of the table below refers to the source or method by which these variables were gathered or created.
SI = Semi-structured diagnostic interview (of both the parent and youth).
Perf = cognitive performance measure
C = caregiver (parent)
Y = Youth (self-report)
T = Teacher
Rev = administrative review of records
Pages
editADD = included in addendum not yet uploaded
N/A = no physical measure included in study manual
Overview of Measures
editMeasure | Abbreviation (with Zotero link) | Wikipedia Page | Wikiversity Page | Source | Page # | Content | Baseline | 6 mo | 12 mo | 18 mo | 24 mo | 30 mo | 36 mo | 42 mo | 48 mo | 54 mo | 60 mo | 66 mo | 72 mo | 78 mo | 84 mo | 90 mo | 96 mo |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime Episode (K-SADS-PL-W) with additional mood onset and offset items derived from the WASH-U K-SADS (K-SADS-PL-W).[1] | K-SADS-PL-W | Yes | No | SI | 405** | Diagnoses | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS)[2] | YMRS | Yes | Yes | SI | 148/151 | Mood (Manic) | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
K-SADS Mania Rating Scale (K-SADS-MRS)[3] | K-SADS-MRS | No | No | SI | 652 | Mood (Manic) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Child Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R)[4] | CDRS-R | No | No | SI | 156 | Mood (depressive) | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
KSADS Depression Rating Scale (K-DRS)[1] | K-DRS | No | No | SI | 663 | Mood (depressive) | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Adolescent Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation (A-LIFE) Psychosocial Functioning[5] | A-LIFE | No | No | SI | 185 | Severity and Diagnoses | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Irritability, Depression, Anxiety Scale (IDA)[6] | IDA | No | No | SI | 167 | Outward irritability | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Services Assessment for Children and Adolescents (SACA)[7] | SACA | No | No | SI | 171 | Service utilization | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Medication Code Form | No | No | 218 | Medications | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
Demographics | Yes | No | SI | 202 | Demographics | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
Bio Parent Demographics | No | No | SI | N/A | Demographics | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | |
Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence (WASI)[8] | WASI | WISC and WAIS | No | Perf | 397 | Cognitive Ability | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Family Tree | No | No | SI | N/A | Family structure | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | |
Family History Screen (FHS)[9][10] | FHS | No | No | C | 600 | Psych history | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Family History Mania Supplement | No | No | C | ADD | Psych history | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | |
Narrative Summary | No | No | Rev | 480 | Free text summary | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI)[11] | CGI | Yes | No | SI | 164 | Global functioning | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Child Diagnosis Form | No | No | Rev | 212 | Consensus diagnoses | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
Longitudinal Exclusion Criteria Checklist | No | No | REV | 475 | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ||
Medical History | No | No | SI | 214 | Medical history | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | |
Parent General Behavior Inventory 10-Item Scale (P-GBI-10M)[12] | P-GBI-10M | Yes, generic GBI page | Yes | C | 55 | Mood of youth | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
The Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory (CAASI-4 Parent)[13][14] | CAASI-4 | Yes | No | C | 139 | Broad MH checklist re: youth | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders - Parent Report (SCARED-Parent)[15] | SCARED | Yes | Yes | C | 61 | Anxious sx of youth | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Kiddy KINDL-Parent (6-7)[16] | KINDL | No | No | C | 64 | Quality of Life (QOL) - youth | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Kid KINDL-Parent (8-12)[16] | KINDL | No | No | C | 69 | Quality of Life (QOL) - youth | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Stressful Life Experiences Schedule - Parent Report (SLES-Parent)[17] | SLES | No | No | C | ADD | Stressful life events | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) - Parent (6-9)[18] | PDS | No | No | C | ADD | Pubertal status of youth | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
General Behavior Inventory - Parent - Self Report (GBI-P-SR)[19] | GBI-P-SR | Yes, generic GBI page | Yes | C | 122 | Mood of caregiver | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Parental Stress Survey (PSS)[20] | PSS | No | No | C | 133 | Parenting Stress Scale | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Youth Inventory (YI-4) (13-17)[21] | YI-4 | No | No | Y | 73 | Broad MH checklist re: youth | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Adolescent General Behavior Inventory (A-GBI) (13-17)[22] | A-GBI | Yes, generic GBI page | Yes | Y | 590 | Youth mood (73 items) | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) - Middle School (10-12)[23] | YRBS | Yes | No | Y | 101 | CDC assessment tracking behaviors that can lead to poor health outcomes in youth | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Youth Behavior Risk Survey (YRBS) - High School (13-17)[23] | YRBS | Yes | No | Y | 86 | CDC assessment tracking behaviors that can lead to poor health outcomes in youth | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) - Child[15] | SCARED | Yes | Yes | Y | 83 | Anxious sx of youth | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Kiddy KINDL (6-7)[16] | KINDL | No | No | Y | 111 | Quality of Life (QOL) - youth | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Kid KINDL (8-12)[16] | KINDL | No | No | Y | 111 | Quality of Life (QOL) - youth | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Kiddo KINDL (13-17)[16] | KINDL | No | No | Y | 111 | Quality of Life (QOL) - youth | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Stressful Life Experiences Schedule (SLES) - Child (6-12)[17] | SLES | No | No | Y | 585 | Youth stressful life events | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Stressful Life Experiences Schedule (SLES) - Adolescent (13-17)[17] | SLES | No | No | Y | 585 | Youth stressful life events | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
The Borderline Personality Disorder module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (SCID-II BPD) (13-17)[24] | SCID-II BPD | No | No | Y | ADD | Youth Borderline Personality sx | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) - Child (10-17)[18] | PDS | No | No | Y | ADD | Pubertal status of youth | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No |
General Behavior Inventory - Short Form (GBI-SF) - Teacher[25] | GBI-T-SF | Yes, generic GBI page | Yes | T | 116 | 12 items (!) about youth mood | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
The Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory (CAASI-4) - Teacher[26] | CAASI-4 | Yes | No | T | 118 | Broad MH checklist re: youth | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Teacher Tracking Form | No | No | Rev | N/A | Was teacher data gathered? | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | |
Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS)[27][28] | CGAS | Yes | No | 137/166 | General functioning | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
Predatory-Affective Aggression Scale[29] | PAAS | No | No | SI | 169 | Within-subject behavioral norms | Yes? | Yes? | Yes? | Yes? | Yes? | Yes? | Yes? | Yes? | Yes? | Yes? | Yes? | Yes? | Yes? | Yes? | Yes? | Yes? | Yes? |
Notes
edit- Ohio State University has retained de-identified narrative summaries of cases, this information is available upon request and can be obtained by contacting Dr. Mary Fristad, Ph.D. and Dr. Eric Youngstrom, Ph.D.
- Participants that scored under a 70 on the WASI were given the SIB-R at baseline. This protocol was used to identify kids that were too low functioning to be included in the sample, and was included by June 06, 2006.
- Data from the SACA are missing at 78 months, and data from the K-SADS Mania and Depression rating scales are missing at 90 and 96 months. This data is presumed lost irretrievable.
- Page number column indicates on which page in the LAMS study manual the measure can be found.
- Follow-up questions pertaining to ideation and self-harm were asked "since the last assessment" for the KSADS depression module, and "in the past 2 weeks" for the YMRS/CDRS-R.
- Related OSF Links
- A source publication specific to the K-DRS could not be located, so the K-SADS-PL-W citation was reused.
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kaufman, Joan; Birmaher, Boris; Brent, David; Rao, Uma; Flynn, Cynthia; Moreci, Paula; Williamson, Douglas; Ryan, Neal (1997-07). "Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): Initial Reliability and Validity Data". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 36 (7): 980–988. doi:10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0890856709625557.
- ↑ Young, R. C.; Biggs, J. T.; Ziegler, V. E.; Meyer, D. A. (1978-11). "A Rating Scale for Mania: Reliability, Validity and Sensitivity". British Journal of Psychiatry 133 (5): 429–435. doi:10.1192/bjp.133.5.429. ISSN 0007-1250. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007125000198551/type/journal_article.
- ↑ Axelson, David; Birmaher, Boris J.; Brent, David; Wassick, Susan; Hoover, Christine; Bridge, Jeffrey; Ryan, Neal (2003-12). "A Preliminary Study of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Mania Rating Scale for Children and Adolescents". Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology 13 (4): 463–470. doi:10.1089/104454603322724850. ISSN 1044-5463. http://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/104454603322724850.
- ↑ Poznanski, Elva O.; Grossman, Janet A.; Buchsbaum, Yael; Banegas, Marta; Freeman, Linda; Gibbons, Robert (2017-04-10). Children's Depression Rating Scale--Revised (in en). doi:10.1037/t55280-000. https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/t55280-000.
- ↑ Keller, Martin B. (1987-06-01). "The Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation: A Comprehensive Method for Assessing Outcome in Prospective Longitudinal Studies". Archives of General Psychiatry 44 (6): 540. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800180050009. ISSN 0003-990X. http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800180050009.
- ↑ Snaith, R. P.; Constantopoulos, A. A.; Jardine, M. Y.; McGuffin, P. (1978-02). "A Clinical Scale for the Self-assessment of Irritability". British Journal of Psychiatry 132 (2): 164–171. doi:10.1192/bjp.132.2.164. ISSN 0007-1250. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007125000002464/type/journal_article.
- ↑ Stiffman, Arlene Rubin; Horwitz, SARAH McCUE; Hoagwood, Kimberly; Compton, Wilson; Cottler, Linda; Bean, Donna L.; Narrow, William E.; Weisz, John R. (2000-08). "The Service Assessment for Children and Adolescents (SACA): Adult and Child Reports". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 39 (8): 1032–1039. doi:10.1097/00004583-200008000-00019. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0890856709663061.
- ↑ Wechsler, David (2012-11-12). Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (in en). doi:10.1037/t15170-000. https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/t15170-000.
- ↑ Weissman, M. M. (2000-07-01). "Brief Screening for Family Psychiatric History: The Family History Screen". Archives of General Psychiatry 57 (7): 675–682. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.7.675. http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/doi/10.1001/archpsyc.57.7.675.
- ↑ Milne, B. J.; Caspi, A.; Crump, R.; Poulton, R.; Rutter, M.; Sears, M. R.; Moffitt, T. E. (2009-01-05). "The validity of the family history screen for assessing family history of mental disorders". American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics: The Official Publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 150B (1): 41–49. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30764. ISSN 1552-485X. PMID 18449865. PMC 3750954. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18449865/#:~:text=There%20is%20a%20need%20to%20collect%20psychiatric%20family%20history%20information.
- ↑ Busner, J., & Targum, S. D. (2007). The clinical global impressions scale: applying a research tool in clinical practice. Psychiatry (Edgmont (Pa. : Township)), 4(7), 28–37.
- ↑ Youngstrom, Eric A.; Fraizer, Thomas W.; Demeter, Chistine; Calabrese, Joseph R.; Findling, Robert L. (2008-05-15). "Developing a 10-Item Mania Scale From the Parent General Behavior Inventory for Children and Adolescents". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 69 (5): 831–839. doi:10.4088/JCP.v69n0517. ISSN 0160-6689. PMID 18452343. PMC PMC2777983. https://www.psychiatrist.com/jcp/developing-item-mania-scale-parent-general-behavior.
- ↑ Gadow, K. D., & Sprafkin, J. (2005). Child and adolescent symptom inventory-4R parent checklist. Checkmate Plus
- ↑ Salcedo, Stephanie; Chen, Yen-Ling; Youngstrom, Eric A.; Fristad, Mary A.; Gadow, Kenneth D.; Horwitz, Sarah M.; Frazier, Thomas W.; Arnold, L. Eugene et al. (2018-09-03). "Diagnostic Efficiency of the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory (CASI-4R) Depression Subscale for Identifying Youth Mood Disorders". Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 47 (5): 832–846. doi:10.1080/15374416.2017.1280807. ISSN 1537-4416. PMID 28278596. PMC PMC5801256. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15374416.2017.1280807.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Birmaher, Boris; Khetarpal, Suneeta; Brent, David; Cully, Marlane; Balach, Lisa; Kaufman, Joan; Neer, Sandra Mckenzie (1997-04). "The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): Scale Construction and Psychometric Characteristics". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 36 (4): 545–553. doi:10.1097/00004583-199704000-00018. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0890856709625260.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 Ravens-Sieberer, U.; Bullinger, M. (1998-07). "Assessing health-related quality of life in chronically ill children with the German KINDL: first psychometric and content analytical results". Quality of Life Research 7 (5): 399–407. doi:10.1023/A:1008853819715. ISSN 0962-9343. http://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1008853819715.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Williamson, Douglas E; Birmaher, Boris; Ryan, Neal D; Shiffrin, Tiffany P; Lusky, Jennifer A; Protopapa, Julie; Dahl, Ronald E; Brent, David A (2003-08). "The Stressful Life Events Schedule for children and adolescents: development and validation". Psychiatry Research 119 (3): 225–241. doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(03)00134-3. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165178103001343.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Petersen, Anne C.; Crockett, Lisa; Richards, Maryse; Boxer, Andrew (1988-04). "A self-report measure of pubertal status: Reliability, validity, and initial norms". Journal of Youth and Adolescence 17 (2): 117–133. doi:10.1007/BF01537962. ISSN 0047-2891. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF01537962.
- ↑ Youngstrom, Eric A.; Findling, Robert L.; Danielson, Carla Kmett; Calabrese, Joseph R. (2001-06). "Discriminative validity of parent report of hypomanic and depressive symptoms on the General Behavior Inventory.". Psychological Assessment 13 (2): 267–276. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.13.2.267. ISSN 1939-134X. https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/1040-3590.13.2.267.
- ↑ Berry, Judy O.; Jones, Warren H. (1995-08). "The Parental Stress Scale: Initial Psychometric Evidence". Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 12 (3): 463–472. doi:10.1177/0265407595123009. ISSN 0265-4075. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0265407595123009.
- ↑ Gadow, Kenneth D.; Sprafkin, Joyce; Carlson, Gabrielle A.; Schneider, Jayne; Nolan, Edith E.; Mattison, Richard E.; Rundberg-Rivera, Victoria (2002-06). "A DSM-IV–Referenced, Adolescent Self-Report Rating Scale". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 41 (6): 671–679. doi:10.1097/00004583-200206000-00006. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0890856709610212.
- ↑ Danielson, Carla Kmett; Youngstrom, Eric A.; Findling, Robert L.; Calabrese, Joseph R. (2003-02-01). "Discriminative Validity of the General Behavior Inventory Using Youth Report". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 31 (1): 29–39. doi:10.1023/A:1021717231272. ISSN 1573-2835. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1021717231272.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Brener, Nancy D.; Collins, Janet L.; Kann, Laura; Warren, Charles W.; Williams, Barbara I. (1995-03-15). "Reliability of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire". American Journal of Epidemiology 141 (6): 575–580. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117473. ISSN 1476-6256. https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/57425/Reliability.
- ↑ First, M. B., Gibbon, M., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Benjamin, L. S. (1997). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc.
- ↑ Youngstrom, Eric A.; Joseph, Megan F.; Greene, Jamelle (2008-04). "Comparing the psychometric properties of multiple teacher report instruments as predictors of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents". Journal of Clinical Psychology 64 (4): 382–401. doi:10.1002/jclp.20462. ISSN 0021-9762. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jclp.20462.
- ↑ Gadow, K. D., & Sprafkin, J. (2005). Child and adolescent symptom inventory-4R parent checklist. Checkmate Plus
- ↑ Shaffer, David (1983-11-01). "A Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS)". Archives of General Psychiatry 40 (11): 1228. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790100074010. ISSN 0003-990X. http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790100074010.
- ↑ GREEN, BENJAMIN; SHIRK, STEPHEN; HANZE, DOUGLAS; WANSTRATH, JAMES (1994-10). "The Children's Global Assessment Scale in Clinical Practice: An Empirical Evaluation". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 33 (8): 1158–1164. doi:10.1097/00004583-199410000-00011. ISSN 0890-8567. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0890856709641204.
- ↑ "Subtyping aggression in children and adolescents". The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2 (2): 189–192. 1990-05. doi:10.1176/jnp.2.2.189. ISSN 0895-0172. https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/jnp.2.2.189.