Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Individual emotions
Lecture 09: Individual emotions
This is the ninth lecture for the motivation and emotion unit of study.
This lecture is complete for 2024. |
Overview
editThis lecture discusses 20 specific emotions
Take-home messages:
- Emotions are purposeful
- Emotions guide action tendencies towards adaptive functional response
- Learning about the functions of specific emotions expands our emotional repertoire and makes adaptive emotional responses in different situations more likely
Outline
edit- Basic (7)
- Self-conscious (5)
- Cognitively complex (8)
Motivations generated by specific emotions
editTypical motivational urges generated (functions served) by specific emotions are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Motivational Urge Generated by Specific Emotions (based on Reeve (2018, p. 340))
Emotion | Motivational urge |
Basic | |
Fear | Flee; protect oneself |
Anger | Overcome obstacles; right an illegitimate wrong |
Disgust | Reject; get rid of; get away from |
Contempt | Maintain dominance and social hierarchy |
Sadness | Repair a loss or failure |
Joy | Continue goal striving; play; engage in social interaction |
Interest | Explore; seek; acquire new information; learn |
Self-conscious | |
Shame | Restore the self; protect the self |
Guilt | Make amends |
Embarrassment | Appease others; communicate blunder was unintended |
Pride | Authentic: Acquire further skill; persist at challenging tasks
Hubristic: Self-inflation to boost self-esteem and social standing |
Triumph | Display dominance and power over the defeated |
Cognitively complex | |
Envy | Benign: Move up; improve one’s position.
Malicious: Tear down; reduce another's position |
Gratitude | Act prosocially; grow the relationship |
Disappointment | Give up; helplessness |
Regret | Undo a poor decision or behaviour |
Hope | Keep engaged in pursuit of a desired goal |
Schadenfreude | Reinforce feelings of superiority |
Empathy | Act prosocially; help the other |
Compassion | Reduce suffering |
Note. Links go to specific motivation and emotion book chapters. For a table of these emotions with definitions and links to corresponding Wikipedia articles, see the 20 emotions tutorial.
Readings
edit- Chapter 14: Individual emotions (Reeve, 2018)
Slides
edit- Individual emotions (Google Slides)
See also
edit- Lectures
- Aspects of emotion (Previous lecture)
- Unconscious motivation (Next lecture)
- Tutorial
- 20 emotions (Tutorial)
Recording
edit- Lecture 09 recording (2024)
External links
edit- Compersion or mudita: Unlearning jealousy the buddhist way (Polyamory Today)
- Dirt, disgust, and disease: Is hygiene in our genes (Curtis & Biran, 2001; pdf)
- Empathy vs. sympathy (Psychology Today)
- The self-conscious emotions (Tangney et al., 2007; pdf)
- What is the difference between envy and jealousy? (Psychology Today)