Motivation and emotion/Book/2024/Social dominance and motivation

Social dominance and motivation:
What drives social dominance motivation, and how does it influence behaviour?

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Multimedia presentation (3 min)

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Overview

Figure 1. Explore the topic, then brainstorm a structure. The Overview should start with an engaging scenario or case study which illustrates the problem and engages reader interest. Ideally, also include an image (e.g., see Figure 1). Present the scenario in a feature box. The feature box colour can be changed. In a university setting, a professor consistently favors certain students over others, giving them more opportunities to participate in discussions and offering them better grades. This behavior, driven by a need for social dominance, creates a competitive atmosphere where students feel compelled to align with the professor’s views to succeed. As a result, the classroom dynamic becomes less collaborative and more hierarchical, reflecting the broader impact of motivation on social interactions

In today's society, social dominance motivation often manifest in hierarchical settings, such as workplaces, where individuals strive to assert control and influence over others. This drive for dominance can lead to competitive environments where collaboration is stifled, and power dynamics become central to interactions. Such behaviors can perpetuate social inequalities, reinforcing existing hierarchies and limiting opportunities for marginalized groups. These dynamics are underpinned by a desire to maintain status and authority within social and organizational structures (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999; Lee et al., 2011).

Suggestions for this section: Engage the reader with a scenario, example, or case study, and an accompanying image Explain the problem and why it is important Outline how psychological science can help Present focus questions

Focus Questioms: - What is the relationship between Social Domination and Power Motivation? - What are the benefits and consequences of social domination and power motivation? - How is this represented in society today? What is the relationship between motivation and success? (open-ended)

Introduction to Social Dominance and Power Motivation

Definition and Concepts

• Overview of social dominance and power motivation
• Key theories and models in psychology
• Importance of understanding these concepts in contemporary society
• social dominance theory

(Sidanius & Pratto, 1999)

Relevance in modern society

• • Application in various social contexts (workplace, politics, education)
  • Influence on group dynamics and interpersonal relationships
  • Significance in shaping social hierarchies

History

Origins of Social Dominance Theory

• • Development of social dominance theory by Sidanius and Pratto

    

    Figure 1. Discrimination used as a social tactic to gain power

  • Historical context of social hierarchy and power dynamics
  • Machiavellianism
  • Evolution of the theory over time
  • (Van Vugt et al., 2008)

Power Motivation Research

• • Early studies on power motivation (McClelland's work)
  • Key findings and contributions to the field of psychology
  • Development of measurement tools (e.g., TAT, questionnaires)

The relationship between Social Dominance and Power Motivation

Interconnection of Traits

• • 

    Figure 2. The Dark Triad

    How social dominance and power motivation reinforce each other
  • The role of these traits in achieving and maintaining authority
  • The dark triad (Walker et al., 2022)
  • Examples from various social contexts (e.g., politics, business)
  • (Pratto et al., 1994)

Psychological Theories

• • Theoretical frameworks linking social dominance and power motivation
  • Discussion of studies supporting the relationship
  • Analysis of individual differences in these traits
  • (Lange et al., 2011)

The benefits of Social Dominance and Power Motivation

Positive Impacts in Leadership

• • Effectiveness in decision-making and organizational management
  • Ability to inspire and motivate others
  • Contribution to achieving goals and driving progress
  • (Szabó et al., 2021)

Social and Economic Advantages

• • Access to resources and opportunities
  • Influence on social networks and professional advancement
  • Role in negotiating and asserting social roles

The consequences of Social Dominance and Power Motivation

Negative Impacts on Group Dynamics

• • Potential for creating hierarchical and competitive environments
  • Risk of marginalizing less dominant individuals
  • Influence on group cohesion and collaboration
  • (Elliott & Smith, 2004)

Ethical and Moral Considerations

• • Ethical dilemmas in the pursuit of power and dominance
  • Impact on societal values and norms
  • Long-term consequences for social justice and equality

Key points

• Provide at least three bullet-points per headingʔ and sub-heading, including for the Overview and Conclusion
• Include key citations

Figures

• Use figures to illustrate concepts, add interest, and to serve as examples
• Figures can show photos, diagrams, graphs, video, audio, etcetera
• Embed figures throughout the chapter, including the Overview section
• Figures should be captioned (using Figure #. and a caption). Use captions to explain the relevance of the image to the text/
• Wikimedia Commons provides a library of embeddable images
• Images can also be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons if they are openly licensed
• Refer to each figure at least once in the main text (e.g., see Figure 2)

Learning features

Interactive learning features help to bring online book chapters to life and can be embedded throughout the chapter.

Scenarios

• Scenarios or case studies describe applied/real-world examples of concepts in action
• Case studies can be real or fictional
• A case study could be split into multiple boxes throughout a chapter (e.g., to illustrate different theories or stages)
• It is often helpful to present case studies using feature boxes.

Feature boxes

• Important content can be highlighted in a feature box. But don't overuse feature boxes, otherwise they lose their effect.
• Consider using feature boxes for:
  • Scenarios, case studies, or examples
  • Focus questions
  • Tips
  • Quiz questions
  • Take-home messages

Links

• When key words are introduced, use interwiki links to:
  • Wikipedia (e.g., Sigmund Freud wrote about (e.g., dreams) or
  • Related book chapters (e.g., writer's block)

Tables

• Use to organise and summarise information
• As with figures, tables should be captioned
• Refer to each table at least once in the main text (e.g., see Table 1)
• Example 3 x 3 tables which could be adapted

Table 1. Descriptive Caption Which Explains The Table and its Relevant to the Text - Johari Window Model

	Known to self	Not known to self
Known to others	Open area	Blind spot
Not known to others	Hidden area	Unknown

Quizzes

• Using one or two review questions per major section is usually better than a long quiz at the end
• Quiz conceptual understanding, rather than trivia
• Don't make quizzes too hard
• Different types of quiz questions are possible; see Quiz

Example simple quiz questions. Choose your answers and click "Submit":

1 Quizzes are an interactive learning feature:

	True
	False

2 Long quizzes are a good idea:

	True
	False

Conclusion

• The Conclusion is arguably the most important section
• Suggested word count: 150 to 330 words
• It should be possible for someone to only read the Overview and the Conclusion and still get a pretty good idea of the problem and what is known based on psychological science

Suggestions for this section: What is the answer to the sub-title question based on psychological theory and research? What are the answers to the focus questions? What are the practical, take-home messages? (Even for the topic development, have a go at the likely take-home message)

See also

Provide internal (wiki) links to the most relevant Wikiversity pages (esp. related motivation and emotion book chapters) and Wikipedia articles. Use these formats:

• Light triad (Book chapter, 2021)
• Collaborative authoring using wiki (Wikiversity)
• Self determination theory (Wikipedia)

Suggestions for this section: Present in alphabetical order Use sentence casing Include the source in parentheses

References

List cited references in APA style (7th ed.) or wiki style.

APA style example:

Rosenberg, B. D., & Siegel, J. T. (2018). A 50-year review of psychological reactance theory: Do not read this article. Motivation Science, 4(4), 281–300. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000091

Elliott, J. R., & Smith, R. A. (2004). Race, Gender, and Workplace Power. American Sociological Review, 69(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240406900303

Lange, V., M, P. A., Higgins, Tory, E., Kruglanski, & W, A. (2011). Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology : Geographical Perspectives. Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology, 1–1144. https://www.torrossa.com/gs/resourceProxy?an=4912667&publisher=FZ7200#page=1025

Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M., & Malle, B. F. (1994). Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 741–763. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.4.741

Szabó, Z. P., Simon, E., Czibor, A., Restás, P., & Bereczkei, T. (2021). The importance of dark personality traits in predicting workplace outcomes. Personality and Individual Differences, 183, 111112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111112

Van Vugt, M., Hogan, R., & Kaiser, R. B. (2008). Leadership, followership, and evolution: Some lessons from the past. American Psychologist, 63(3), 182–196. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.63.3.182

Walker, S. A., Double, K. S., Birney, D. P., & MacCann, C. (2022). How much can people fake on the dark triad? A meta-analysis and systematic review of instructed faking. Personality and Individual Differences, 193, 111622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111622

Suggestions for this section: Important aspects of APA style for references include: Wrap the set of references in the hanging indent template. Use "Edit source": {{Hanging indent|1= the full list of references}} Author surname, followed by a comma, then the author initials separated by full stops and spaces Year of publication in parentheses Title of work in lower case except first letter and proper names, ending in a full-stop Journal title in italics, volume number in italics, issue number in parentheses, first and last page numbers separated by an en-dash(–), followed by a full-stop Provide the full doi as a URL and working hyperlink The most common mistakes include: Incorrect capitalisation Incorrect italicisation Citing sources that weren't read or consulted

External links

Provide external links to highly relevant resources such as presentations, news articles, and professional sites. Use sentence casing. For example:

• Six top tips for writing a great essay (University of Melbourne)
• The importance of structure (skillsyouneed.com)

Suggestions for this section: Only select links to major external resources about the topic Present in alphabetical order Include the source in parentheses after the link