Motivation and emotion/Book/2022/Hijack hypothesis of drug addiction
What is the hijack hypothesis, what is the evidence, and how does it help to understand drug addiction?
Overview
editThis chapter focuses on the hijack hypothesis of drug addiction. Covering multiple domains of psychology to get a better understanding, these include the neurological underpinnings of the brain associated to the Mesolimbic Dopamine System (MDS) and the dual process theory of reason and decision making as well as behavioral learning theories such as social learning and, operant and classical conditioning. However, before exploring these theories associated with addiction, it is vital to grasp an understanding of addiction in order to see how they all tie come together.
How has it helped understand drug addiction?
editThe Hijack Hypothesis places emphasis on explaining how the human neurobiological mechanisms within the brain interact with psychoactive chemicals. It proposes a reasonable explanation about how the reward system becomes 'hijacked' (or interfered with) by addictive stimulants, particularity plant-based psychoactive drugs (Hagen, E.H., 2013).
The idea is that stimulants such as caffeine, nicotine and depressants such as, but not limited to, cannabis, interfere with the natural reward systems of the brain. Specifically, how the level of dopamine within the brain is increased, and eventually leads to the usurping of the mesolimbic pathways.
.Addiction
edit- Evolution of addiction (brief history of its development)
- Why is it Important that we understand addiction?
- Definition of addiction. Refer to the youtube video in external links.
- https://youtu.be/PY9DcIMGxMs "Everything you think you know about addiction is wrong" with Johann Hari
The brain
edit- Amygdala (Abuse. S., et al. 2016)
- Ventral Tegmental Area (Abuse. S., et al. 2016)
- Nucleus Accumbens (Abuse. S., et al. 2016)
- Prefrontal Cortex (Abuse. S., et al. 2016)
- Orbitofrontal Cortex ( Abuse. S., et al. 2016)
- Basal Ganglia (Abuse. S., et al. 2016) There will be more references to support.
- Will explain the reward system (Hagen, E, H. et al. 2013)
- Discuss dopamine
- There will be figures and diagrams here for easy description.
Dual-Process Theory
edit- Basic history of theory
- what it means (Groves, P. M., Thompson, R. F. 1970).
- How it applies
Social Learning
edit- Basic history of theory
- what it means
- How it applies
Operant and Classical conditioning
edit- Basic history of theories
- what they means
- How they apply
Conclusion
editSee also
edithttps://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Category:Motivation_and_emotion/Book/Addiction
https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Category:Motivation_and_emotion/Book/Neurotransmitters/Dopamine
References
editGroves, P. M., & Thompson, R. F. (1970). Habituation: a dual-process theory. Psychological review, 77(5), 419. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/h0029810
Hagen, E. H., Roulette, C. J., & Sullivan, R. J. (2013). Explaining human recreational use of ‘pesticides’: the neurotoxin regulation model of substance use vs. the hijack model and implications for age and sex differences in drug consumption. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 4, 142 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00142