Literature/1983/Shneiderman

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Shneiderman, Ben (1983). "Direct Manipulation: A Step Beyond Programming Languages," Computer, Vol. 16, No. 8 (August 1983) pp. 57-69.

Authors

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w: Ben Shneiderman
  • Founding Director (1983-2000) of Human-Computer Interaction Lab (HCIL), University of Maryland,

Excerpts

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Wikimedia

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w: Direct manipulation interface

Chronology

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  • Literature/1990/Berners-Lee [^]
  • Literature/1989/Berners-Lee [^]
  • Literature/1988/Marchionini [^]
  • Literature/1987/Conklin [^]
  • Goodman, Danny (1987). The Complete HyperCard Handbook. Bantam Books.
  • Shneiderman, Ben (1987). "User interface design for the Hyperties electronic encyclopedia," Hypertext '87 Workshop Proceedings, Raleigh, NC, November 13-15, 1987, pp. 199-204.
  • Trigg, Randall H. & Peggy M. Irish (1987). "Hypertext Habitats: Experiences of Writers in NoteCards." HYPERTEXT '87 Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext. New York, NY: ACM. [^]
  • Trigg, Randall Hagner & Mark Weiser (1986). "TEXTNET: A Network-based Approach to Text Handling," ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS) Vol. 4, No.1 (Jan. 1986) pp. 1-23. [^]
  • Shneiderman, Ben (1983). "Direct Manipulation: A Step Beyond Programming Languages," Computer, Vol. 16, No. 8 (August 1983) pp. 57-69. [^]
  • Trigg, Randall Hagner (1983). A Network-based Approach to Text Handling for the On-line Scientific Community. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, MD. [^]
  • Literature/1982/Brown [^]
  • Literature/1981/Nelson [^]
  • Literature/1980/Berners-Lee [^]
  • Smith, Linda Cheryl (1980). "'Memex' as an image of potentiality in information retrieval research and development." Proceedings of the 3rd annual ACM conference on research and development in information retrieval (SIGIR '80, Cambridge, England, 1980) Kent, UK: Butterworth, 1981. pp. 345-369. [^]
  • Judge, Anthony (1977). "Knowledge-representation in a Computer-supported Ennvironment," International Classification, 4(2): 76-81. [^]
  • Soergel, Dagobert (1977). "An Automated Encyclopedia: A Solution of the Information Problem?" International Classification, 4(1): 4-10; 4(2): 81-89. [^]
  • Belkin, Nicholas J. & Stephen E. Robertson (1976). "Information Science and the Phenomenon of Information," Journal of the American Society for Information Science (Jul-Aug 1976) 27 (4): 197-204. [^]
  • Fillmore, Charles J. (1976). "Frame Semantics and the Nature of Language," in: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: Conference on the Origin and Development of Language and Speech. Volume 280: 20-32. [^]
  • Kochen, Manfred, ed. (1975). Information for Action: from Knowledge to Wisdom. New York: Academic Press. [^]
  • Kochen, Manfred (1974). Principles of Information Retrieval. New York: Wiley. [^]
  • Nelson, Ted (1974). Computer Lib/Dream Machines. [^]
  • Kochen, Manfred (1972). "WISE: A World Information Synthesis and Encyclopaedia." Journal of Documentation, 28: 322-341. [^]
  • Kochen, Manfred (1969). "Stability in the Growth of Knowledge." American Documentation, 20 (3): 186-197. [^]
  • Literature/1968/Engelbart [^]
  • Kochen, Manfred & R. Tagliacozzo (1968) "A Study of Cross-referencing." Journal of Documentation. 24: 173-191. [^]
  • Kochen, Manfred, ed. (1967). The Growth of Knowledge: Readings on Organization and Retrieval of Information. New York: Wiley. [^]
  • Kochen, Manfred (1965). Some Problems in Information Science. Scarecrow Press. (Jan 1, 1965) [^]
  • Bohnert, Herbert G. & Manfred Kochen (1963). "The automated multilevel encyclopedia as a new mode of scientific communication." In: Proceedings of the American Documentation Institute, Oct. 1963, pp. 269-270. [^]
  • Literature/1962/Engelbart [^]
  • Wells, H. G. (1938). World Brain. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran & Co. [^]

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The shade of the bar looks invariant in isolation but variant in context, in (favor of) sharp contrast with the color gradient background, hence an innate illusion we have to reasonably interpret and overcome as well as the mirage. Such variance appearing seasonably from context to context may not only be the case with our vision but worldview in general in practice indeed, whether a priori or a posteriori. Perhaps no worldview from nowhere, without any point of view or prejudice at all!

Ogden & Richards (1923) said, "All experience ... is either enjoyed or interpreted ... or both, and very little of it escapes some degree of interpretation."

H. G. Wells (1938) said, "The human individual is born now to live in a society for which his fundamental instincts are altogether inadequate."