Literature/1981/Kornfeld & Hewitt

Authors
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Kornfeld, William A. & Hewitt, Carl E. (1981). "The Scientific Community Metaphor." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 24-33.

Abstract

Scientific communities have proven to be extremely successful at solving problems. They are inherently parallel systems and their macroscopic nature makes them amenable to careful study. In this paper the character of scientific research is examined drawing on sources in the philosophy and history of science. We maintain that the success of scientific research depends critically on its concurrency and pluralism. A variant of the language Ether is developed that embodies notions of concurrency necessary to emulate some of the problem solving behavior of scientific communities. Capabilities of scientific communities are discussed in parallel with simplified models of these capabilities in this language.

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Chronology

• Kornfeld, William A. (1982). "Combinatorially Implosive Algorithms." CACM.
• Kornfeld, William A. (1981). "The Use of Parallelism to Implement a Heuristic Search." IJCAI.
• Kornfeld, William A. & Hewitt, Carl E. (1981). "The Scientific Community Metaphor." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 24-33. ^{[^]}
• Kornfeld, William A. (1981). Parallelism in Problem Solving. MIT EECS Doctoral Dissertation. August 1981.
• Lakoff, George & Mark Johnson (1980). Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press. ^{[^]}
• Feyerabend, Paul (1975). Against Method: Outline of an Anarchist Theory of Knowledge. New Left Books. ^{[^]}
• Popper, Karl (1963), Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge,. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. ^{[^]}
• Kuhn, Thomas (1962), The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. University of Chicago Press. ^{[^]}
• Bernal, J. D. (1939). The Social Function of Science. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. ^{[^]}
• Wells, H. G. (1938). World Brain. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran & Co. ^{[^]}
• Richards, I. A. (1936). The Philosophy of Rhetoric. Oxford University Press. ^{[^]}
• Ogden, C. K. & I. A. Richards (1923). The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. ^{[^]}