Literature/1936/Richards

Authors
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z &

Richards, I. A. (1936). The Philosophy of Rhetoric. Oxford University Press.

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w: Metaphor

Chronology

• Lakoff, George & Mark Johnson (1980). Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press. ^{[^]}
• Ortony, Andrew, ed. (1979). Metaphor and Thought, Cambridge University Press. 2nd. ed. 1993. ^{[^]}
• Sacks, Sheldon, ed. (1978). Critical Inquiry, vol. 5, no. 1 (Special Issue: On Metaphor), University of Chicago. ^{[^]}
• Literature/1975/Becker ^{[^]}
• Ricoeur, Paul (1975). The Rule of Metaphor: Multi-Disciplinary Studies in the Creation of Meaning in Language. Robert Czerny, Kathleen McLaughlin & John Costello, trans., London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978. ^{[^]}
• Literature/1962/Black ^{[^]}
• Black, Max (1954). "Metaphor." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 55, pp. 273-294. ^{[^]}
• Richards, I. A. (1936). The Philosophy of Rhetoric. Oxford University Press. ^{[^]}
• Empson, William (1930). Seven Types of Ambiguity, 2nd ed., London: Chatto & Windus, 1949. ^{[^]}
• Ogden, C. K. & I. A. Richards (1923). The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. ^{[^]}

Further Readings

• Geoffrey Leech (1969). A Linguistic Guide to English Poetry
• Geoffrey Leech (1969). Towards a Semantic Description of English.
• Frank Laurence Lucas (1955). Style.
• Metaphor: Theories [1] including a number of external links.

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The shade of the bar looks invariant in isolation but variant in context, in (favor of) sharp contrast with the color gradient background, hence an innate illusion we have to reasonably interpret and overcome as well as the mirage. Such variance appearing seasonably from context to context may not only be the case with our vision but worldview in general in practice indeed, whether a priori or a posteriori. Perhaps no worldview from nowhere, without any point of view or prejudice at all! Ogden & Richards (1923) said, "All experience ... is either enjoyed or interpreted ... or both, and very little of it escapes some degree of interpretation." H. G. Wells (1938) said, "The human individual is born now to live in a society for which his fundamental instincts are altogether inadequate."