Latonic/Présens

Personal Pronouns

In Latonic, personal pronouns are very important, unlike in Latin where they may be dropped.
Latin: vado (vadere is used here instead of ire to show likeness with Latonic)
Latonic: me va
English: I go
When an action is executed by a person who is defined with a noun or a name, the pronoun is still mentioned.
Latin: Marcus vadet
Latonic: Marco il va
English: Marc (he) goes
When the person executing the action (the subject) is a pronoun, and it is important to know it is this person and noone else, then even Latin uses a pronoun. Latonic in that case uses two pronouns!
Latin: ego vado
Latonic: mego me va
English: Í go

As you can see, there is a difference between the emphasised form (mego) and the short form (me). Therefore I has two possible translations, and this is true for all personal pronouns.

English	Latonic (emphasis)	Latonic (short)
I	mego, iégo	me
you (singular)	tú, tuvi, tuli	te
we	noste, nobi	no
you (plural)	veste, vobi	vo

Note: the form ié, iégo is considered quiet formal.
Forms adressing one person are called singular, forms adressing multiple people are called plural. Adressing someone in the plural forms is considered polite, just like in French, though it isn't done as often as in French.
The pronouns I and we talk about the speaker himself, this is called the first person. The pronoun you discusses the person(s) who are being adressed, this known as the second person.
Anyone outside this is the third person. In English there are four personal pronouns of the third person: he, she, it and the plural they.
In Latonic, there are only four personal pronouns of the third person, which can only be used for people, never for things

English	Latonic (emphasis)	Latonic (short)
he	elui (pronounce "elwi")	il
she	ellea or elléa	la
they (male)	éi	i
they (female)	éie	lé

Non-persons (objects, abstract things, usually animals too) can occur in any of three genders (male, female and neuter), unlike in English where they are all neuter. They are translated like this:

English	Latonic (emphasis)	Latonic (short)
it (m)	illo	il / le
it (f)	illa	la
it (n)	illu	le
they (m)	illi	li
they (f)	ille	lé
they (n)	illa	li

When the word that follows the personal pronoun begins with a vowel, it may undergo a slight change to help pronunciation. This may involve a letter being added, or one dissapearing. This rule only applies to the short forms of the personal pronoun, emphasised forms just stay the same.

Normal	Before a vowel
me	mé / m'
ié	ié / í'
te	tu / t'
il	il / l'
la	la / l'
le	l'
no	nos
vo	vos
i	í
lé	lé
li	li

The Présens

The Indicativu Présenti or Present Tense is the most basic tense: it describes thing happening now (We are working), things that are always happening (I like music) and things about to happen (We're going to the seaside tomorrow).

Conjugation of the verb

Group 1: Verbs on -are

Verbs on -are can be divided into two subgroups:

• the verbs dare and stare which have only one syllable, and the verb ire in the present tense is conjugated similarly
• all other verbs or -are

Simple verbs on -are

The first subcategory is very easy. First of all, every verb has an infinitive (main form, i.e. carmínare, to sing), a root (inf. without -re, i.e. carmína, sing-)) and a long root (the root undergoe an accent shift because a syllable dissapears, the long root doesn't).
Note that the stress in the infinitive and long root is always on the binding vowel (vowel before -re, in this case a), in the root it follows the regular pronunciation rules for the root.

Form	Rule	Example	Translation
infinitive	long root + -are	carmínare	to sing
1st sing.	root + -o	me/ié carmíno	I sing
2nd sing.	root + -a	te carmína	you sing
3rd sing.	root + -a	il/la/le carmína	he/she/it sings
1st pl.	long root + -amo	no carmínamo	we sing
2nd pl.	long root + -ái	vo carmínái	you sing
3rd pl.	root + -o' (*)	i/lé/li carmino	they sing

(*) The apostrophe symolifies the vanished exit -nt. Before a vowel it is replaced by -n: I carmínon un carme.

One-syllable verbs on -are

Latonic knows only two one-syllable vers on -are: dare (to give) and stare (to stand). Additionally, the verb ire (to go) is conjugated similarly from the root va-, though it is not a verb from group one and isn't conjugated as one in other tenses.
There is little difference between the two conjugations, except that the binding vowel a- never changes to -o, like it does in two forms of the regular verbs. Note that these verbs don't make a difference between the root and the long root.

Form	Rule	Example	Translation
infinitive	root + -are	dare	to give
1st sing.	root + -a	me da	I give
2nd sing.	root + -a	te da	you give
3rd sing.	root + -a	il da	he/she/it gives
1st pl.	root + -amo	no damo	we give
2nd pl.	root + -ái	vo dái	you give
3rd pl.	root + -a'	i da	they give

Group 2: Verbs on -íre

Verbs on -íre are divided into two groups:

• The short conjugation: these are only a few verbs, but some very popular verbs. These are comparable to the French group of sentir - je sens.
• The long conjugation: the are most verbs. They are comparable to the French group of finir - je finis.

Short Conjugation

Form	Rule	Example	Translation
infinitive	root + -íre	dormíre	to rest
1st sing.	root + -o	me dormo	I rest
2nd sing.	root + -i	te dormi	you rest
3rd sing.	root + -i	il dormi	he/she/it rests
1st pl.	root + -ímo	no dormímo	we rest
2nd pl.	root + -í	vo dormí	you rest
3rd pl.	root + -o	i dormo	they rest

Long Conjugation

Form	Rule	Example	Translation
infinitive	root + -íre	habíre	to get
1st sing.	root + -io	me habio	I get
2nd sing.	root + -i	te habi	you get
3rd sing.	root + -i	il habi	he/she/it gets
1st pl.	root + -ímo	no habímo	we get
2nd pl.	root + -íi	vo habíi	you get
3rd pl.	root + -io	i habio	they get

l- and n- irregularities

In the first singular and third plural forms, an irregularity occurs whenever a verb root ends on an -n or a -l. The l- is replaced by the cluster ll-, and similarly -n is replaced by gn-.
i.e. veníre => me vegno, i vegno'
i.e.2 salíre => me sallo, i sallo'
These verbs always belong to the short conjugation.

Group 3: Verbs on -ére

Verbs on -ére are hard to conjugate in some tenses, but their Présens is easy. It's exits are identical to those of the group on -are, the only difference being the binding vowel -e-. Keep in mind though that due to the grammatical nature of the vowel e an accent is needed in the infinitive and the first person plural.

Form	Rule	Example	Translation
infinitive	long root + -ére	temére	to fear
1st sing.	root + -o	me temo	I fear
2nd sing.	root + -e	te teme	you fear
3rd sing.	root + -e	il teme	he/she/it fear
1st pl.	long root + -émo	no temémo	we fear
2nd pl.	long root + -éi	vo teméi	you fear
3rd pl.	root + -o'	i temo	they fear

Verbs on -ére have the same irregularities as the ones on -íre: tenére: me tegno - valére - me vallo

Group 4: Verbs on -ere

Verbs on -ere have the unique property that their infinitive is drawn from the root, not the long root, thus causing the accent to fall the syllable before -ere.
Verbs on -ere are quite similar to their lookalikes on -ére, but the -e in the third and second person singular dissapears. The central vowel is marked with a central accent, or if it is short, with a short one. The verb prennere is irregular: it uses a central accent.

Form	Rule	Example	Translation
infinitive	root + -ere	prennere	to take
1st sing.	root + -o	me prenno	I take
2nd sing.	root alone	te prèn	you take
3rd sing.	root alone	il prèn	he/she/it take
1st pl.	long root + -émo	no prennémo	we take
2nd pl.	long root + -éi	vo prennéi	you take
3rd pl.	root + -o'	i prenno	they take

Irregular Verbs

Latonic has five stricly irregular verbs: esse, posse, ire, velle, nolle. They respectively mean to be, can, go, velle, nolle.
Esse means to be, but is used only for permanent matters such as identity, property and location of immobile things. State, mood, location of mobile things and other non-permanent things are described with stare (see Group 1).
Posse means can, but is used only for permission and will, and sometimes for opportunity. Ability, knowledge and possibilty are described with sapíre, me sapio (see Group 2). The verb posse is formed by merging esse with "pos", which in archaic Latin meant "able"

Form
infinitive	esse	posse
1st sing.	me so	me posso
2nd sing.	tu es	te posses (pos)
3rd sing.	il es	il posses (pos)
1st pl.	no sômo	no possômo
2nd pl.	vos este	vo posseste (poste)
3rd pl.	i so'	i posso'

Velle means to want or shall.
Nolle means not want or shall not

Form
infinitive	velle	nolle
1st sing.	me vollo	me nollo
2nd sing.	te vel (vele)	te nole
3rd sing.	il vel (vele)	il nole
1st pl.	no volômo	no nolômo
2nd pl.	vo voléi	vo noléi
3rd pl.	i vollo'	i nollo'

Ire means to go or will. It is formed similarly to the verbs dare and stare, but from the root v-.

Form
infinitive	ire
1st sing.	me va
2nd sing.	te va
3rd sing.	il va
1st pl.	no vamo
2nd pl.	vo vái
3rd pl.	i va'

Fêre means to be there, to exist, to be made, to become, to be created, .... It usually only appears in the third person. Fêre is also used to express possession: (Le) mibi fí un domu. I have a house. (La) luí fí una bella piélla. He has got a beautiful daughter. but: Il habi un' arresta cardiacali. He has a heart attack.

Form
infinitive	fêre
1st sing.	(me fío)
2nd sing.	(te fí/fíe)
3rd sing.	il fí/fíe
1st pl.	(no fiémo)
2nd pl.	(vo fiéi)
3rd pl.	i fío