Islam/Praying
Prayer or Salah, is an act of worship which is obligatory for muslims. Praying is always facing towards the Qiblah1, in the direction of the Ka'aba2, in Saudi Arabia.
When a Muslim hits puberty (which is considered to be an adult in Islam), they are obliged to pray all 5 prayers, which are: Fajr, Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, and Isha. Allah has stated in the Qur'an, in Surah Ankaboot/Ankabut (about praying): Recite, [O Muhammad], what has been revealed to you of the Book and establish prayer. Indeed, prayer prohibits immorality and wrongdoing, and the remembrance of Allah is greater. And Allah knows that which you do -Surah Ankaboot/Ankabut, verse 45
They are several verses in the Quran about praying, you can see here.
In Ibn Al Qayyim's Medicine of the Prophet, he mentions numerous benefits regarding the prayer. Ibn Al Qayyim reports that the Prophet (ﷺ) would take refuge in the prayer when something serious troubled him (page 236). Ibn Al Qayyim also says that the prayer has a significant effect in the "preservation of the health of the body". He notes that if two individuals were tested (put through a trial), the one who prays will bear a lesser portion of the difficulties of the trial in comparison to the one who does not pray - and the one who prays will have a "sounder" outcome.