Hungarian language/Vocabulary
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Subject classification: this is a language-learning resource. |
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Language classification: this is a Hungarian language resource. |
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Completion status: this resource is ~50% complete. |
BasicsEdit
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Buildings & ObjectsEdit
HouseEdit
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WorldEdit
world | világ |
nature | természet |
NatureEdit
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SpaceEdit
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PeopleEdit
Sex & AgeEdit
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The BodyEdit
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ProfessionsEdit
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TransportEdit
ConceptEdit
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VehiclesEdit
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passenger train = személyvonat
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Time & CalendarEdit
TimeEdit
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What time is it? | = | Hány óra? Mennyi az idő? |
five o'clock | = | öt óra |
quarter past five | = | negyed hat |
half past five | = | fél hat |
quarter to six | = | háromnegyed hat |
six o'clock | = | hat óra |
six hours ten minutes | = | hat óra tíz perc |
six ten | = | hat tíz |
five minutes to seven | = | öt perc múlva hét |
CalendarEdit
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Verbs (ige - igék)Edit
grammar: w:Hungarian verbs
Numerals (számnév - számnevek)Edit
In numeric notation the decimal mark is comma, thousands separators are spaces and ordinal numbers (1st, 2nd etc.) are those followed by a dot.
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Pronouns (névmás - névmások)Edit
It is important to notice that the Hungarian language do not specify gender at all.
Personal pronous + substantive verbs (személyes névmások + létigék)Edit
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The personal pronoun, if not stressed, is usually left out because it can be deduced from the substantive verb.
For the formal "you", see the #T-V distinction: formal vs. informal section.
The "became" column is usually not listed in grammatical tables because it is a derived form. Those are the future substantive verbs in past tense, and they express an event in the past[6].
Possessive pronouns (birtokos névmások)Edit
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It is not necessary to include the possessive adjective (my, your etc.) because of the unique suffixes.
- Where is my car? = Hol (van) az autóm?
- Your car is in the garage. = Az autód a garázsban van.
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T-V distinction: formal vs. informalEdit
The second person ("te/ti" for "you") in both singular and plural is informal. The formal variant is the personal pronoun maga or ön in singular third person, and maguk or önök in plural third person. If the possessive adjective is present, the singular suffix of the owned object is used even for plural "you".
informal | formal | |
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Are you hungry? (singular) Are you hungry? (plural) |
(Te) éhes vagy? (Ti) éhesek vagytok? |
(Ön/maga) éhes? (Önök/maguk) éhesek? |
This is your office. (singular) This is your office. (plural) |
Ez a te irodád. / Ez az irodád. Ez a ti irodátok. / Ez az irodátok. |
Ez az ön/maga irodája. / Ez az irodája. Ez az önök/maguk irodája. / Ez az irodájuk. |
NotesEdit
- ↑ Hungarian language does not distinguish countable nouns from uncountable ones.
- ↑ Két can be an adjective but not a predicate (i.e. it must not stand alone without subject). The same holds for all ~két (tizenkét, huszonkét etc.) but not for két~ (kétszáz, kétezer etc.). Kettő can be in both roles, although it is more commonly used as a predicate.
- ↑ Numerals below 2000 are written as one word.
- ↑ Numerals over 2000 are hyphenated into three-digit groups.
- ↑ Unlike in English, where the digits following the decimal point are read out one by one, the numerator (18) and the denominator (1/1000) should be stated.
- ↑ The past-future "lett" verbs are not equivalent to the English "would". I myself interpret "would" as the future of the past, which might not have happened and usually has conditional meaning. I interpret the Hungarian "lett" etc. as the past of the future, with "became" being a suitable English translation.