Fundamentals of Neuroscience/Exams/Quiz III

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1 The purpose of the eye's lens is to:

	Magnify images
	Focus light
	Enhance images
	Reflect light

2 How is visual information sorted by preliminary optic pathways?

	Input from the left eye travels to the left visual cortex, and vice versa
	Input from the left eye travels to the right visual cortex, and vice versa
	Input from the left field of vision travels to the left visual cortex, and vice versa
	Input from the left field of vision travels to the right visual cortex, and vice versa

3 All of the following are true about the visual system EXCEPT:

	Cone cells are more abundant than rod cells
	Rod cells are adept at motion detection
	Cone cells are concentrated where visual acuity is greatest
	Rod cells do not respond selectively to different wavelengths of light

4 Select all of the following which accurately describe cortical visual processing:

	Each successive layer processes increasingly complex visual information
	The primary visual cortex (V1) already processes motion information
	Color perception begins at the V2 layer of the occipital cortex
	Depth perception is generated by advanced level spatial understanding pathways
	The visual stream passing through the parietal lobe is responsible for object recognition

5 Which of the following best describes how sound waves enter the cochlea?

	Pressure waves in the air vibrate a membrane on the cochlea
	Specialized nerve cells detect air vibration and send this information to the cochlea
	Pressure waves trigger the movement of a series of bones which vibrate the cochlea

6 T/F: The first nervous system cells involved in hearing are hair cells

	True
	False

7 What role do mechanoreceptors play in the cochlea?

	Detecting vibrations of the cochlear membrane
	Detecting the movement of fluid within the cochlea
	Detecting the force exerted by the ossicles
	The cochlea does not contain any mechanoreceptors

8 All of the following are true about auditory processing EXCEPT:

	Sound location is determened by interaural time differnces
	Pitch information is encoded by what area of the cochlea gets activated
	Both the primary and secondary auditory cortices are on the temporal lobe
	The first destination of the auditory nerve coming from the ear is the primary auditory cortex

9 T/F: The olfactory bulb is linked to the limbic system

	True
	False

10 The chemicals responsible for smell and taste are, respectively:

	Olfactants and gustants
	Olfactants and tastants
	Odorants and gustants
	Odorants and tastants

11 Perceptual qualities in both taste and smell are generated by

	Activation of receptors specific for certain perceptions
	Activation of collections of receptors in different patterns
	Differential activation of receptors at specific regions of the tongue or olfactory bulb
	Co-activation of two receptor types by a specific stimulus

12 Select all of the following which could be detected by a mechanoreceptor:

	Vibration
	Stretch
	Pressure
	Temperature
	Pain

13 How is a given class of receptor's sensitivity primarily determined?

	Receptor shape and location on the body
	Receptor density and shape
	Receptor depth in the skin and density
	All receptors within a given class are equally sensitive to stimulation

14 How are sensory inputs organized by the primary sensory cortex?

	According to location on the body
	According to receptor type
	According to stimulus type
	According to receptor depth in the skin

15 Select all of the ways a nociceptor may be activated:

	Directly by physical damage to the cell
	Directly by a strong pressure applied to the cell
	Directly by the loss of cells
	Indirectly by chemicals released by damaged cells
	Indirectly by chemicals released by immune cells
	Indirectly by psychological influences

16 Differences between touch processing and pain processing include:

	Many classes and types of mechnoreceptors vs few varying types
	Passing through intermediate processing steps vs direct route to the cortex
	Most receptors near the surface of the skin vs most buried in the lower dermis
	One main cortical processing area vs very diffuse processing

17 What is the neurotransmitter used at neuromuscular synapses?

	Acetylcholine
	Dopamine
	Seretonin
	Many types of neurotransmitters are usually used

18 What is the role of the basal ganglia in movement?

	Generating movement commands
	Filtering out excess movement commands
	Atuning muscle coordination
	Processing inputs from muscle spindles

19 What is the role of muscle spindles in movement?

	Causing muscle fibers to contract
	Causing muscle fibers to relax
	Detecting muscle stretch following contraction
	Detecting muscle fatigue (through lactate levels)

20 T/F: Involuntary motion only requires basic input from the brainstem or cerebellum

	True
	False