Computer Architecture Lab/SS2013/Group3/Assignment2

BraveMIPS Instruction Set Architecture

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BraveMIPS Instruction Set Format

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The format of the 32bit MIPS I processor is kept:

Type -31-                                 format (bits)                                 -0-
R opcode (6) rs (5) rt (5) rd (5) shamt (5) funct (6)
I opcode (6) rs (5) rt (5) immediate (16)
J opcode (6) address (26)

(same as on Wikipedia Page)

BraveMIPS Instruction Set

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The instruction set is focused on integer-based instructions and it essentially consists of a subset of the MIPS Instruction Set (see the full set on Wikipedia, section "Integer"). Other instructions might be added as project progresses.

Category Name Instruction syntax Meaning Format/opcode/funct Notes/Encoding
Arithmetic Add add $d,$s,$t $d = $s + $t R 0 2016 adds two registers, executes a trap on overflow
000000ss sssttttt ddddd--- --100000
Subtract sub $d,$s,$t $d = $s - $t R 0 2216 subtracts two registers, executes a trap on overflow
000000ss sssttttt ddddd--- --100010
Add immediate addi $t,$s,C $t = $s + C (signed) I 816 - Used to add sign-extended constants (and also to copy one register to another: addi $1, $2, 0), executes a trap on overflow
001000ss sssttttt CCCCCCCC CCCCCCCC
Multiply mult $s,$t LO = (($s * $t) << 32) >> 32;
HI = ($s * $t) >> 32;
R 0 1816 Multiplies two registers and puts the 64-bit result in two special memory spots - LO and HI. Alternatively, one could say the result of this operation is: (int HI,int LO) = (64-bit) $s * $t . See mfhi and mflo for accessing LO and HI regs.
Divide div $s, $t LO = $s / $t     HI = $s % $t R 0 1A16 Divides two registers and puts the 32-bit integer result in LO and the remainder in HI.
Data Transfer Load word lw $t,C($s) $t = Memory[$s + C] I 2316 - loads the word stored from: MEM[$s+C] and the following 3 bytes.
Store word sw $t,C($s) Memory[$s + C] = $t I 2B16 - stores a word into: MEM[$s+C] and the following 3 bytes. The order of the operands is a large source of confusion.
Logical And and $d,$s,$t $d = $s & $t R 0 2416 Bitwise operation and
000000ss sssttttt ddddd--- --100100
And immediate andi $t,$s,C $t = $s & C I C16 - Leftmost 16 bits are padded with 0's
001100ss sssttttt CCCCCCCC CCCCCCCC
Or or $d,$s,$t $d = $s | $t R 0 2516 Bitwise or
Or immediate ori $t,$s,C $t = $s | C I D16 - Leftmost 16 bits are padded with 0's
Exclusive or xor $d,$s,$t $d = $s ^ $t R 0 2616
Nor nor $d,$s,$t $d = ~ ($s | $t) R 0 2716 Bitwise nor
Set on less than slt $d,$s,$t $d = ($s < $t) R 0 2A16 Tests if one register is less than another.
Set on less than immediate slti $t,$s,C $t = ($s < C) I A16 - Tests if one register is less than a constant.
Bitwise Shift Shift left logical sll $d,$t,shamt $d = $t << shamt R 0 0 shifts shamt number of bits to the left (multiplies by  )
Shift right logical srl $d,$t,shamt $d = $t >> shamt R 0 216 shifts shamt number of bits to the right - zeros are shifted in (divides by  ). Note that this instruction only works as division of a two's complement number if the value is positive.
Conditional branch Branch on equal beq $s,$t,C if ($s == $t) go to PC+4+4*C I 416 - Goes to the instruction at the specified address if two registers are equal.
000100ss sssttttt CCCCCCCC CCCCCCCC
Branch on not equal bne $s,$t,C if ($s != $t) go to PC+4+4*C I 516 - Goes to the instruction at the specified address if two registers are not equal.
Unconditional jump Jump j C PC = PC+4[31:28] . C*4 J 216 - Unconditionally jumps to the instruction at the specified address.
Jump register jr $s goto address $s R 0 816 Jumps to the address contained in the specified register

BraveMIPS Assembler

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The assembler is based around JFlex and CUP (Java implementations of a lexer and parser). Until now I have successfully "compiled" the lexer file, whose source is found here: /assembler/jflex/bravemips_scanner.l I still need to get the CUP-specific syntax to run and integrate the two.

NOTE: in the worst case scenario, I might implement a pure Java String manipulation-based assembler (if I will have problems with JFlex and CUP).