3D Modelling/Create 3D Models/Hugin

Create an spherical image for 360o-Panorama Image. The underlying image must represent a special geometry of a spherical 360o-Panorama. The software Hugin will help you in creating such a panorama.

Hugin Software for 360 Degree Image in Aframe
Hugin Result in Aframe - Link to interactive Aframe Website
Market Place called Saumarkt in Karlsruhe-Durlach, Germany

Basic Workflow edit

Basic workflow with the wizzard.

  • Angle of view for cameras: The workflow is to use a standard camera with multiple images and you concat multiple images into one equirectangular image representing a 360 degree view of scenery[1]. For the process of creating an equirectangular image the angle of view of cameras will be helpful to understand with workflow in Hugin.
  • Set the export format to JPEG to Hugin/Settings/Stitching/Output Format (default is TIFF with compression LZA - good quality but very large files)
  • Load Images in Hugin with Assistant/Wizzard.
  • Selected Object Type: equirectangular (spherical)
  • Save Project
  • Align Images (press "Align"-Button in Assistant)
  • Create Panorama (press "Create Panorama"-Button in Assistant)
  • Panorama JPG is created in Image Folder - explore JSON3D4Aframe to use the spherical image in AFrame (see "AFrame Settings").
  • Optional: Upload your 360-Degree panorama to WikiMedia Commons

Learning Tasks edit

Create Sequence of Images with a Standard Camera edit

 
Indoor 360 degree images with small tripod
 
Larger tripod for outdoor use for taking images for a 360 degree image in AFrame

There are a few recommendations for taking the images (see Video of Image Shooting Techniques by Florian Knorn (2011) on Youtube[5].

  • Image you are standing inside a sphere (centre) and you want cover the whole inner surface with snapshots.
  • Use a camera with good image quality,
  • Use a Tripod for taking the images,
  • Use 25% percent overlap between images, so that Hugin can stich the images together.
  • Use characteristical unique areas as overlap regions of the images, that allows automatic image stiching with Hugin without to much extra manual work of marking matching points between images.
  • avoid repeating patterns in overlap area of images (e.g. similar windows of high rise building or a monotonous pavement as overlap region)
  • Avoid moving objects in your images (if that happens you can mask those object in Hugin)
  • Do not mix landscape and portrait format of the images.
  • switch off automatic camera settings
  • Filename Pattern: rename images to the following pattern by
    • middle01.jpg, middle02.jpg, ... for images in a horizontal direction 360 degree.
    • upper01.jpg, upper02.jpg, ... for images in a upper region above horizontal direction (e.g. part of sky, top floors of the building, ...)
    • lower01.jpg, lower02.jpg, ... for images in a lower region above horizontal direction
    • top.jpg vertical image into the sky
    • button.jpg, ... vertical images (e.g. floor, remove tripod and take a snapshot from the ground)

When you cover the whole 360 degrees including sky and floor you can stich those images together with Hugin.

Final Result edit

 
Equirectangular Image from Wikiversity used for Aframe 360 Degree Image (see Hugin)

External Resources edit

See also edit

  • Image Maps as more simple options to create a visual representation of Learning Resources in Wikiversity

References edit

  1. Equirectangular Images (2018) Github repository - URL: https://github.com/niebert/JSON3D4Aframe#equirectangular-scene-in-aframehttps://github.com/niebert/JSON3D4Aframe#equirectangular-scene-in-aframe - (accessed 2022/12/05)
  2. Hugin Video Tutorial by Brian Cluff (2017) - (accessed 2018/01/04) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O_gONzUndQo
  3. GIMP Clone Tool Video Tutorial by John Philip Jones (2014) - (accessed 2018/01/04) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snkGHfrPGiA
  4. GIMP Clone Tool Documentation (accessed 2018/01/04) - https://docs.gimp.org/2.2/en/gimp-tool-clone.html
  5. 360x180° Panorama Tutorial - Pt.1: Shooting the images (2011) by Florian Knorn - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUiw3jtErxk&list=PL15B8C737F69319BE&index=2