Vector space/Characterizations of basis/Maximal/Minimal/Fact

Let ${}K$ be a field, and let ${}V$ be a ${}K$-vector space. Let ${}v_{1},\ldots ,v_{n}\in V$ be a family of vectors. Then the following statements are equivalent.

1. The family is a basis of ${}V$.
2. The family is a minimal generating system; that is, as soon as we remove one vector ${}v_{i}$, the remaining family is not a generating system any more.
3. For every vector ${}u\in V$, there is exactly one representation

   ${}u=s_{1}v_{1}+\cdots +s_{n}v_{n}\,.$

4. The family is maximally linearly independent; that is, as soon as some vector is added, the family is not linearly independent any more.

Proof, Write another proof