University of Florida/Egm4313/s12.team5.R5

Report 5

R5.1

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Question

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Find   for the following series:
1.  

2.  

 

Use (2)-(3)p.7-31 to find   for the Taylor series of

3.   at  

4.   at  

5.   at  

Solution

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1.  

Using L'Hospital's rule and (2)p.7-31, and setting  :

 

2. 

Using (3)p.7-31 and setting  :

 

3. Taylor series about  :

 

Using (2)p.7-31 and setting  :

 

4. Taylor series about  :

 

Using L'Hospital's rule and (2)p.7-31, and setting  :

 

5. Taylor series about  :

 

Using L'Hospital's rule and (2)p.7-31, and setting  :

 

Author

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This problem is solved and uploaded by Radina Dikova

R5.2

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Question

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Determine whether the following pairs of functions are linearly independent:

 

 

First use the Wronskian method, then use the Gramian method.

Solution

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The Wronskian is defined as:  

If   , then the functions f and g are linearly independent.

The Gramian is defined as:  

Where  

If   , then the functions f and g are linearly independent.

1. Using Wronskian.

 

Therefore, f and g are linearly independent.

2. Using Wronskian.

 

Therefore, f and g are linearly independent.

1. Using Gramian with an interval of [-1,1]

 

 

 

 

Therefore, f and g are linearly independent.

2. Using Gramian with an interval of [-1,1]

 

 

 

 

Therefore, f and g are linearly independent.

Author

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This problem was solved and uploaded by David Herrick.

R5.3

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Question

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Verify that   and   in (1)-(2) p.7-34 are linearly independent using the Gramian

Solution

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The given Grammian:

 

In reference to to (3) on p.8-9

 

Calculating the dot products yields:

 

 

 

 

Plugging the dot products into the Grammian yields:

 

Therefore, b1 and b2 are linearly independent.

Author

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Solved and uploaded by Derik Bell

R5.4

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Question

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Show that:  
is the particular solution to:  
Discuss the choice of particular solutions in the table on p8-3. In other words, for r(x) = kcos(wx), why would you need to have both cos(wx) and sin(wx) in the particular solution?

Solution

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For a single excitation that satisfies  ,
 
for example:
 
 
 
and so on until...
  where by linearity:  
Since   is the solution to a single iteration of r(x) and   , then by linearity, the solution to r(x) is:  
Part 2:
kcos(wx) is a periodic function. As shown by (3) on p8-2, any periodic function can be broken down into a fourier trigonometric series:
 
r(x) can be further broken down as the sum of:
 
 
 
Where  
Since r(x) is expressed in terms of cos(x) and sin(x) the particular solution, which is also a sum of the individual particular solutions for each iteration of  ,  , and  , needs to be in terms of sin(x) and cos(x) as well. That applies to all periodic functions as shown on p8-2, which sin(x) is as well. Therefore that justifies why the particular solutions for kcos(wx), ksin(wx),  , and   must all include both cos(x) and sin(x).

Author

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This problem was solved and uploaded by John North.

R5.5

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Question

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1. Show that cos(7x) and sin(7x) are linearly independent using the Wronskian and the Gramian (integrate over 1 period)
2. Find 2 equations for the two unknowns M,N and solve for M,N
3. Find the overall solution y(x) that corresponds to the initial condition y(0)=1, y'(0)=0. Plot the solution over 3 periods.

Solution

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(1)

First, using Wronskian:

For 2 functions, f and g, the Wrosnkian is defined as  
Where f and g are linearly independent if  
For  
Then,  
Therefore, f and g are linearly independent

Second, using Gramian:

Consider two functions, f and g, where the scalar product is defined as
 
And the Gramian defined as
 
Then f and g are linearly indepdent if  
For f=cos(7x) and g=sin(7x) and integrating over one period ( )
 
Letting   and changing limits of integration by plugging in old limits into "u" equation
 
 
Letting   and changing the limits of integration by plugging in old limits into "u" equations
 
 
From Kreyszig p.479, it is apparent that sin and cos are orthogonal to each other, so the above integration will equal zero
 
Plugging in the results of each integral into the Gramian
 
Therefore, f and g are linearly independent

(2)

Given  
And particular solutions of the form  
Plug particular solutions back into original ODE and collect like terms
 
 
Equating coefficients
 
 
 

(3)

The overall solution   consists of the particular solution and homogeneous soloution

Homogeneous solotuion
 
  so we have distinct real roots
 
 
Using initial conditions   and  
 
 
Solving the two equations for the two unknowns yields  
 
Particular solution
  where  
 
Giving us an overall solution of
 
Plotting the solution over three periods  
Matlabcode
EDU>> x=0:0.001:(6*pi)/7;
EDU>> y=(2/7).*exp(5.*x)+(5/7).*exp(-2.*x)-(3/59).*cos(7.*x)-(1/7).*sin(7.*x);
EDU>> plot(x,y)

Author

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Solved and uploaded by Joshua House

R5.6

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Question

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Find the solution to the following initial condition problem, and plot it over 3 periods.

 
 
 
 

Solution

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First, we take the first and second derivative of the particular solution:

 
 
 

Now, we plug the particular solution derivatives into the initial equation:

 

 
 

 
 

 

Now, we equate the coefficients of sin(3x) and cos(3x) to determine the unknown coefficients M and N:

 
 
 

Therefore, the particular solution is:

 

Now, we focus on the homogeneous part of the solution. It is given to us as:

 

As you can see, this is identical to the particular solution, except that M is now A and N is now B. Therefore, the first derivative of the homogenous solution will be in the same form as the first derivative of the particular solution:

 

Remembering the two initial conditions, y(0) = 1 and y'(0) = 0, we apply these to the homogenous equations:

 
 

This yields two equations that we can use to solve for the coefficients A and B:

 
 

Therefore, the homoegenous solution is:

 

We find the final solution, y(x), by adding the homogenous and particular solutions as seen below:

 
 

Matlab Code: x= 0:0.001:(2*pi/3);

y = exp(-2.*x)*(21/11).*cos(3.*x) + exp(-2.*x)*(81/22).*sin(3.*x);

plot(x,y)

 

Author

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This problem was solved and uploaded by Will Knapper

R 5.7

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Question

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The oblique basis vectors are:
 
 

1. Find the components   using the Gram matrix as in (1)p.8-11.
2. Verify the results by using (1)-(2)p.7c-34 in (2)p8-11, and rely on the non-zero determinant of the matrix of components of   relative to the basis  , as discussed on p.7c-34.

Solution

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1. Using Gram matrix as in (1) p.8-10:

    =  

From (3)p.8-9 we know that  . Solving the various components we get:

    =  

In order to solve for   we need to calculate the inverse of  .

This gives is the Gram matrix as used in (1)p.8-11:
 

    =  

Thus:
 


2. Plugging in   into   we get:

 

 

 

Separating into components:

  and  

Solving the two linearly independent equations we get:

 
 

Author

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This problem was solved and uploaded by Radina Dikova

R 5.8

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Question

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Find the integral (see R5.9)

 

using integration by parts and then with the help of General binomial theorem.

 

 

Solution

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The indefinite integral of   is

 

For n = 0, we get  

For n = 1, we get  

And the indefinite integral of   is

 

Integration by parts

- For n = 0  

- For n = 1  

Author

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Solved and uploaded by Mike Wallace

R 5.9

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Question

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Consider the L2-ODE-CC(5)p.7b-7 with log(1+x) as excitation:

 

 

and the initial conditions

 

Part One

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Project the excitation r(x) on the polynomial basis  

i.e., find   such that

r(x) 

for x in   and for n = 3, 6, 9

Plot   to show uniform approximation and convergence

Part Two

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In a separate series of plots, compare the approximation of the function log(1+x) by 2 methods:

A. Projection on polynomial basis (1) p.8-17

B. Taylor series expansion about x = 0

Observe and discuss the pros and cons of each method

Find   such that:

 

with the same initial conditions (2) p.7c-28

Plot   for n = 3, 6, 9, for x in  

In a series of separate plots, compare the results obtained with the projected excitation on polynomial basis to those with truncated Taylor series of the excitation. Plot also the numerical solution as a baseline for comparison.

Solution

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Using  

For n = 0

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

Subtracting Y from Y' in order to find the coefficients

 

 

 


For n = 0 the final solution will be

 


For n = 1

 

We need to find the homogeneous Y

 

 

 

 

Solving for the initial conditions

 

 

 

This gives coefficients of:

 


For n = 1 the final solution will be;

 

Author

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This problem was solved and uploaded by Mike Wallace

Contribution Summary

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Problem 2 was solved and Problem 5 was proofread by David Herrick

Problem 5 was solved and uploaded by Joshua House

Problems 1 and 7 were solved and uploaded by Radina Dikova

Problem 3 was solved and uploaded by Derik Bell

Problem 4 was solved and uploaded by John North

Problem 8 and 9 were solved and uploaded by Mike Wallace

Problem 6 was solved and uploaded by William Knapper