University of Florida/Egm4313/s12.team12.R2

Report 2

Problem 2.1 edit

Given edit

 

 

For part one find the non-homogeneous L2-ODE-CC in standard form and the solution in terms of the initial conditions and the general excitation  

Consider no excitation and plot the solution

 

For part two you need to generate 3 non-standard (and non-homogeneous) L2-ODE-CC that admit the two values   as the two roots of the corresponding characteristic equation.

Solution edit

Find characteristic equation

 

 

The homogeneous solution takes the form

 

Take the derivative and subitute the intial conditions into the equations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Solution to the non homogeneous L2-ODE

 

Part two:

Characteristic Equation

   

Multiply equation by a variable, i chose m = 2,4,6 respectfully

     

Author edit

Patrick Greivell, 15:45 8 February 2012 (UTC)

Problem 2.2 edit

Given edit

Given is an Initial Value Problem (IVP) to solve a second-order Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) by finding a particular solution to the equation and its subsequent plot.

Initial Values:

 

 

Differential Equation:

 

Assume that no excitation exists, i.e.

 

Therefore the ODE to be solved becomes:

 

Solution edit

With the given conditions, a homogenous linear second order ODE with constant coefficients is given to solve. In order to solve this ODE, a basis of solutions must be formed that meet the given conditions. Our goal is to find a solution to that will fit to the a general solution in the form of:

 

To do this, a quadratic equation in the form of the following is used to determine the method of how the basis of solutions will be formed.

 

In order to do find the general solution, and ultimately the particular solution for this IVP, we will need to solve for λ using the characteristic equation above. Given that this is a quadratic equation, we can solve for λ by finding the roots of the equation. We know the variables a and b from our given ODE.

Let:

a = -10 b = 25

Plugging this into the characteristic equation, we yield the following:

 

Now, instead of solving directly for λ, we can determine exactly how many and what kind of roots the equation will have based on the following cases given the value of the discriminant:

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3
Discriminant > 0 Discriminant = 0 Discriminant < 0
Two Real Roots One Real Root Two Complex Roots

The discriminant is given by the following equation:

 

If we evaluate the discriminant using the values of a and b from above, we can evaluate the discriminant to be:

 

Therefore, we are in Case 2, where the value of our roots will be one real double root. Therefore, we can determine the value of λ by the following equation and by substituting the values into the equation subsequently.

 

 

 

From this, we can use the value of λ to form one equation of the basis as follows:

 

In order to form a basis, a second solution is needed. This is done by performing a reduction of order, yielding a first order differential equation. This process will produce the following general solution*:

 

Substituting the value for λ that was found:

 

In order to solve for the variables c1 and c2, we will use the initial conditions that were given in the problem statement. Therefore, we have two unknowns. We can solve for both of these variables by writing two equations, since one of the initial values was given as a value for the first derivative of the solution at a given point. The derivative of the general solution obtained (shown directly above) is obtained:

 

We can determine the value of c2 in terms of c1 by simply substituting in the known initial values as follows:

 

The second equation to solve for the unknown variable c1 can be determined by simply using the general solution equation and using the other initial value in the problem statement.

 

Therefore, we now know both of the unknown variables. Therefore the particular solution of the given ODE is:

 

It's subsequent plot is therefore:

Author edit

--Egm4313.s12.team12.stewart 04:35, 6 February 2012 (UTC)

  • Proof for form of general solution found in: Kreyszig, Erwin, Herbert Kreyszig, and E. J. Norminton. Advanced Engineering Mathematics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011. Print.
  • Plot for particular solution plotted using Wolfram Alpha

Problem 2.3 edit

Statement edit

K 2011 p.59 pbs. 3-4
Find a general solution. Check your answer by substitution.

Solution edit

Problem 3:
Consider an ODE of the form:

 

First we notice that the ODE is homogenous, linear, and has constant coefficients.
Therefore, we find the auxiliary equation, which is of the form:

 

The value of the discriminant is:

 
We plug in a = 6 and b = 8.96 into the auxillary equation to find the roots.

 

The general solution will be of the form:

 

Therefore the solution will be

 

Problem 4:
Consider an ODE of the form:

 

First we notice that the ODE is homogenous, linear, and has constant coefficients.
Therefore, we find the auxiliary equation, which is of the form:

 

Looking at the coefficients we obtain:

 

Next we obtain the roots of this equation with the quadratic formula:

 

This can be simplified to:

 

 

We notice that by looking inside the radical, we will be obtaining complex roots. Continuing with simplification we get:

 

The general solution to the case of complex roots is:

 

Where complex roots are of the form:

 

Knowing   and  , we get the final general solution:

 

Author edit

Egm4313.s12.team12.sutcliffe 18:42, 8 February 2012 (UTC)

Problem 2.4 edit

Statement edit

K 2011 p.59 pbs. 5-6
Find a general solution. Check your answer by substitution.

Solution edit

Problem 5:
Consider an ODE of the form:

 

This ODE is linear, and has constant coefficients. Therefore, its general solution is of the form:

 

Therefore:

 

And:

 

The ODE can be rearranged so that:

 

And since:

 

Then:

 

 

 

Since:

 

The general solution then becomes:

 

 

Therefore:

 

Problem 6:
Consider an ODE of the form:

 

Divide through by 10 to get the equation into standard form where the leading coefficient is equal to 1.

 

First we notice that the ODE is homogenous, linear, and has constant coefficients.
Therefore, we find the auxiliary equation, which is of the form:

 

The characteristic equation then becomes

 

The value of the discriminant is:

 

The 0 indicates that there is a real double root.

The general solution will be of the form:

 

Where -a/2 = -(-3.2)/2 = 1.6

Therefore the solution will be

 

Author edit

Egm4313.s12.team12.sutcliffe 18:43, 8 February 2012 (UTC)

Problem 2.5 edit

Given edit


K 2011 p.59 pbs. 16-17
Find an ODE

 

for the given basis:

 

 

Solution edit

Problem 16.
Distinct real roots are of the form:

 

Therefore,  

The characteristic equation is:

 

Therefore we have:
 

Through simplification and distribution we get:
 

This is the auxiliary equation to the original linear, homogeneous ODE.
Therefore our final solution is:

 

Problem 17.
Double real roots are of the form:

 

Therefore,  

The characteristic equation is:

 

This is the auxiliary equation to the original linear, homogeneous ODE.
Therefore our final solution is:

 

Author edit

Egm4313.s12.team12.stadick 24:00, 7 February 2012 (UTC)

Problem 2.6 edit

Given edit

 

Find the parameters k, c, m of the the spring-dotplot-mass system with a double root  

Solution edit

The equation of motion for this system is

 

or

 

The homogeneous equation is

 

Characteristic Equation of the double root

 

Then you find the homogeneous L2-ODE-CC for the characteristic eq.

 

Now compare the coeffients with the motion equation

 

 

 

 

 

Author edit

Patrick Greivell, 16:16 8 February 2012(UTC)

Problem 2.7 edit

Given edit

Develop the Maclaurin Series (Taylor Series @ t = 0) for

a)  

b)  

c)  

Solution edit

The General form of a Taylor Series is

 

with the expansion at point a being

 

The Maclaurin Series (Taylor Series @ t=0) would be

a)

 

which would equal

 

or

  for all x

b)

 

which would equal

 

or

  for all x

c)

 

which would equal

 

or

  for all x

Author edit

Cpettigrew 21:15, 5 February 2012 (UTC)

Problem 2.8 (a) edit

Given edit

#8 P. 59 Given   find a general solution and check your answer by substitution.

Solution edit

 

 

Since   it is a case where the solutions are complex conjugate roots.

A general solution for an ODE of this case can be given by the equation  

1st Step

The 1st step to finding the solutions for this ODE is to substitute the variable   in for y and its derivatives.

  and  

So   becomes  

2nd Step

Now that the ODE has been made into a quadratic equation of form   we can use the quadratic formula  

Inputting the coefficients from the equation and solving for   you get  

or   and  

where   and  

so   or  

3rd Step

Now if you plug all of this in to the general solution you will get  

Checking Solution with Substitution

Using the general solution and taking the first and second derivatives of this general solution we can plug that in to the original equation and see if we in fact get zero. If so, then the general solution that was found is a solution for the ODE.

 

The first derivative is  

The second derivative is  

 

Plugging all of this into the original equation you get

 

 

 

Simplifying all of these terms you end up getting

 

Author edit

--Egm4313.s12.team12.anders. 4:11, 7 February 2012 (UTC)

Problem 2.8 (b) edit

Given edit

#15 P.59 Given   find a general solution and check your answer by substitution.

Solution edit

 

 

Since   it is a case where the solutions are complex conjugate roots.

A general solution for an ODE of this case can be given by the equation  

1st Step

The 1st step to finding the solutions for this ODE is to substitute the variable   in for y and its derivatives.

  and  

So   becomes  

2nd Step

Now that the ODE has been made into a quadratic equation of form   we can use the quadratic formula  

Inputting the coefficients from the equation and solving for   you get  

or   and  

where   and  

so   or  

3rd Step

Now if you plug all of this in to the general solution you will get  

Checking Solution with Substitution

Using the general solution and taking the first and second derivatives of this general solution we can plug that in to the original equation and see if we in fact get zero. If so, then the general solution that was found is a solution for the ODE.

 

The first derivative is  

The second derivative is  

 

Plugging all of this into the original equation you get

 

 

 

Simplifying all of these terms you end up getting

 

Author edit

--Egm4313.s12.team12.anders. 4:11, 7 February 2012 (UTC)

Problem 2.9 edit

Given edit

The ODE is:

 

The given initial conditions are:

 

 

 

The corresponding characteristic equation is:

 

Solution edit

Solving for  :

 

 

 

 

 

Therefore, the general solution will be:

 

Where:

 

And:

 

Thus:

 

Therefore:

 

 

 

 

 

Final Solution is as follows:



 

 

Author edit

Wagner Schulz 13:00, 8 February 2012 (UTC)

Contribution Table edit

Problem Number Assigned To Solution By Proofread By
2.1 Example Example Example
2.2 Daniel Stewart Daniel Stewart James Stadick
2.3 Garrett Sutcliffe Garrett Sutcliffe Example
2.4 Garrett Sutcliffe Garrett Sutcliffe Example
2.5 James Stadick James Stadick Example
2.6 Example Example Example
2.7 Craig Pettigrew Craig Pettigrew Example
2.8 Lauren Anders Lauren Anders Example
2.9 Wagner Schulz Wagner Schulz Example