University of Florida/Egm4313/IEA-f13-team10/R1

Report 1

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Problem 1.1

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Problem Statement

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Derive the equation of motion of a spring-dashpot system in parallel with a mass and applied force.

Solution

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Kinematics
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The spring and dashpot are in parallel, so the displacement of the spring is equal to the displacement of the dashpot.

(1)  

Kinetics
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(2)  
(3)  

Constitutive Relations
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(4)  
(5)  

From (2), (3), (4) and (5), the equation of motion for the system is
 

From the first and second derivatives of (1),
 
 

So in terms of the displacement of the mass, the final equation of motion is,
 

Honor Pledge

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On our honor, we did this problem on our own, without looking at the solutions in previous semesters or other online solutions.

Problem 1.2

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Problem Statement

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Derive the equation of motion of the springmass- dashpot in Fig.53, in K 2011 p.85, with an applied force r(t) on the ball.

Solution

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Kinematics
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The displacement of the spring equals the negative displacement of the dashpot (constitutive relation)

 

 

Kinetics
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Newton's second law  

 

 

 

Substituting the relation above and kinematics section into the kinetics part, we get the equation of motion
 

Using the constitutive relations shown above we can write the equation of motion as
 

Honor Pledge

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On our honor, we did this problem on our own, without looking at the solutions in previous semesters or other online solutions.

Problem 1.3

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Problem Statement

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For the spring-dashpot-mass system on p.1-4, draw the FBDs and derive the equation of motion (2) p.1-4.

Solution

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Step 1, Kinematics
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 , therefore   and  

Step 2, FBD and Kinetics
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Step 3, Relations
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Step 4
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 , therefore  , and   and  

Step 5
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Plugging the last equation from step 4 into the last equation from step 1,  

Step 6
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Plugging the equation from step 5 into the first kinetic equation as y",  

Honor Pledge

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On our honor, we did this problem on our own, without looking at the solutions in previous semesters or other online solutions.

Problem 2.1

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Problem Statement

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Derive (3) and (4) from (2).
(2)  
(3)  
(4)  

Solution

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Derivation of (3) from (2)
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(A)  

(B)  

Using equation A, we can show that   and  

Using equation B, we can show that  

After these transformations, the new equation 2 is  

Taking the derivative of both sides of equation 2, we get  

Derivation of (4) from (2)
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Using equation B, we can show that   and   and  

After these transformations, the new equation 2 is  

Honor Pledge

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On our honor, we did this problem on our own, without looking at the solutions in previous semesters or other online solutions.

Problem 1.5

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K 2011 p.59 pbs 3,12

Problem Statement

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Find a general solution.

Solution

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Problem 3
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This is a linear, first order ODE with constant coefficients.

To find the general solution to this ODE set  

so that   and  

Substituting in y to the ODE and factoring out   we get:

 

Using the quadratic formula to solve for r we get

  where a = 1, b = 6, and c = 8.96

Solving to get r = -3.2 and r = -2.8

We get the general solution  

Now with the initial values y(0) = 1 and y'(0) = .5


 

 

  ,  

 

Problem 12
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y′′+9 y′+20y=0

 


This is a linear, first order ODE with constant coefficients.

To find the general solution to this ODE set  

so that   and  

Substituting in y to the ODE and factoring out   we get:

 

Using the quadratic formula to solve for r we get

  where a = 1, b = 9, and c = 20

Solving to get r = -5 and r = -4

We get the general solution  

Now with the initial values y(0) = 1 and y'(0) = .5


 

 

  ,  

 

Honor Pledge

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On our honor, we did this problem on our own, without looking at the solutions in previous semesters or other online solutions.

Problem 2.3

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K 2011 p.3 Fig.2

Problem Statement

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For each ODE in Fig. 2 (except for the last one), determine the order; determine if it is linear; and show whether the principle of superposition can be applied.

Solution

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Falling stone
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(1)  

Equation (1) is the ODE that describes the acceleration of the stone as it falls from some height   to the ground.
The highest order derivative of the dependent variable in an ODE determines the order of the ODE. In (1) the highest order derivative of the dependent variable y is second order. So (1) is a second-order ODE.

"A second-order ODE is called linear if it can be written  " (Kreyszig 2011, p.46). Since (1) is in this form, with p(x) and q(x) = 0 and r(x) = g, then (1) is a linear ODE.

If the principle of superposition applies, then a solution  , which is comprised of the sum of the homogeneous solution  
and the particular solution  , should satisfy the original ODE. So if superposition applies,
(2)  .
To determine whether superposition applies to (1), we consider
 .
Now, using (2) and the linearity of the derivative,
 
 .
  satisfies (1), so superposition can be applied.


Parachutist
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(3)  

Since v' is the highest order derivative of the dependent variable v, (3) is a first-order ODE.

Because the dependent variable v is squared, (3) is a non-linear ODE.

 
 
D(w+y) does not equal f(w) + f(y) thus it is not linear.

Rearranging (3) we obtain  .
The homogeneous solution of the ODE is  .
The particular solution of the ODE is  .
Using (2) and the linearity of the derivative we obtain  
  but  
Therefore,   is not a solution to the ODE. So superposition cannot be applied.

Outflowing water
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(4)  

(4) is a first-order ODE because of h' .

(4) is a non-linear ODE because of the square-rooted dependent variable h.

 
 
D(y+w) does not equal f(w)+f(y) so it is non-linear.

Rearranging (4) we obtain  .
Summing the homogeneous and particular solutions we obtain  .
But  .
So   is not a solution to (4), and superposition cannot be applied.

Vibrating mass on a spring
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(5)  
(5) is a second-order linear ODE.

 
 
  satisfies (5), so superposition can be applied.

Beats of a vibrating system
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(6)  

(6) is a second-order linear ODE. Even with the   and   terms, (6) is still linear because these are functions of the independent variable. We only look at the dependent variable when determining the linearity of an ODE.

 
 
  satisfies (6), so superposition can be applied.

Current I in an RLC circuit
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(7) 

(7) is a second-order linear ODE.

 
 
  satisfies (7), so superposition can be applied.

Deformation of a beam
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(8)  

(8) is a fourth-order linear ODE.

 
 
  satisfies (8), so superposition can be applied.

Pendulum
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(9)  

(9) is a second-order non-linear ODE.

 
But  
Therefore   is not a solution to (9), and superposition does not apply.

Honor Pledge

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On our honor, we did this problem on our own, without looking at the solutions in previous semesters or other online solutions.