In mathematics, a tensor is a certain kind of geometrical entity and array concept. It generalizes the concepts of scalar, vector (geometric) and linear operator, in a way that is independent of any chosen frame of reference. For example, doing rotations over axis does not affect at all the properties of tensors, if a transformation law is followed. Tensors are of importance in pure and applied mathematics, physics and engineering.

Components of the Cauchy stress tensor in Cartesian coordinates

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