TESOL/Question tags

Questions tags are short questions that come at the end of sentences that reflect the main clause.

Wikiversity is fantastic, isn't it?

Mechanics

edit

Negative with positive

edit

Usually, a negative main clause has a positive question tag, and a positive main clause has a negative question tag.

Main clause Question tag
+ She is nice isn't she? -
- She isn't nice is she? +

Grammatical exception

edit

Notice the following examples break the rule.

  • Nobody came, did they? (Nobody came, didn't they?)
  • He would hardly know anything, would he? (He would hardly know anything, wouldn't he?)
  • She can never remember, can she? (She can never remember, can't she?)
Explanation
edit

Even when the main clause is negative, a negative question tag is used if the main clause contains a negative word, such as:

  • never
  • nobody
  • nowhere
  • little
  • hardly

Discourse exception

edit

Positive main clauses may have positive question tags to indicate a reaction like surprise.

  • You're buying a car, are you?
  • He quit, did he?
  • She thinks I'm strange, does she?

Auxiliary verbs are repeated

edit

An auxiliary verb in the main clause is repeated in the question tag.

  • She can't know, can she?
  • He could come, couldn't he?
  • She wouldn't like to come, would she?
  • He shan't go, shall he?
  • She should come, shouldn't she?

Exception

edit

The question tag of "I am" is aren't I?

  • I'm right, aren't I?
  • I'm done, aren't I?
  • I'm ready, aren't I?

No auxiliary

edit

If there is no auxiliary verb in the main clause, do is used instead.

  • She does know, doesn't she?
  • He came, didn't he?
  • You ate your dinner, didn't you?

Function

edit

They are normal in conversation but sound informal in writing. In conversation, they perform essential communicative tasks.

Seeking Agreement

edit

Question tags function to seek agreement from the listener or reader, in the case of writing. In conversation, falling intonation at the question tag sounds affirmative.

Asking questions

edit

In conversation, a question tag with rising intonation acts as a question.

  • Today's not Tuesday, is it? (rising intonation suggests that the speaker does not know what day it is)
  • That's not the president, is it? (The speaker does not know if it is the president)

Imperatives

edit

Question tags can be used for imperatives in several ways.

Indirect requests

edit

Negative statements with question tags often function as indirect requests.

  • You couldn't lend me some cash, could you?
  • You wouldn't know where the station is, would you?
Polite requests
edit

Especially in British English, the question tag won't you? is used to make a polite request.

  • Join us, won't you?
  • Have some coffee, won't you?

Direct requests

edit

As opposed to indirect main requests, if the main clause itself is an imperative, the question tag is will you?

  • Come here, will you?
  • Give me a break, will you?
  • Finish your report, will you?

Quiz

edit

Write question tags for these sentences.

1  

You understand question tags,

2  

Good morning,

3  

I'm in the right place,

4  

Give me your sandwich,

(Not particularly polite)

5  

He got the letter,

6  

Let's go to school,