Stars/Sun/Heliology/Quiz

Heliology is a lecture describing the science of the Sun.

File:Latest nsoHe.gif

This is an infrared image of the Sun. Credit: National Solar Observatory, Kitt Peak, Arizona USA.

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Quiz

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1 Complete the text:

The longitude (λ2) is measured from the central meridian as it passes through the node of the solar equator at noon on January 1, 1854 (JD 2398220.0) and rotating with the period of 25.38 Earth days.

2 Yes or No, Boron is the third most abundant element detected on the Sun.

	TRUE
	FALSE

3 Complete the text:

Hoyle notes that he and others in the circles to which he was privy continued until after the to believe that the Sun was made mostly of internally.

4 True or False, The Sun has no specific heliographic feature that allows the direct derivation of longitude and latitude.

	TRUE
	FALSE

5 The core of the Sun was believed to be made mostly of iron to explain what?

	the source of neutrinos
	the Sun's global magnetic field
	the existence of magnetic poles like the Earth
	the rotation of the Sun
	surface differential rotation of the Sun
	magnetic field reversals like the Earth

6 True or False, Sunspots are holes in the surface of the Sun.

	TRUE
	FALSE

7 Complete the text:

Match up the structure of the Sun with the characteristic or property:

radiative zone - L

core - M

convection zone - N

dynamo - O

tachocline - P

photosphere - Q

atmosphere - R

temperature region - S

chromosphere - T

transition region - U

corona - V

heliosphere - W

diffusion rather than convection .

bow shock .

weakly ionized, relatively cold and dense plasma .

X-ray emission .

normally invisible .

circular mass movement of plasma .

coolest layer of the Sun .

shear between different parts of the Sun that rotate at different rates .

above the photosphere .

transition from almost uniform to differential rotation .

150 g/cm3 .

ultraviolet emission .

8 True or False, The Sun is the third most abundant entity in the solar system.

	TRUE
	FALSE

9 What features occasionally show a heliographic distribution on the surface of the Sun?

	granulation or supergranulation
	active regions
	coronal holes
	the north an south heliographic poles
	sunspots
	latitudinal bands that rotate at different rates

10 True or False, Using transits of the Sun by Mercury demonstrates that the Sun is most likely located well within the orbit of Mercury.

	TRUE
	FALSE

11 Complete the text:

Match up a heliographic feature of the Sun with a heliographic property:

sunspots - L

polar coronal holes - M

coronal mass ejection - N

coronal loops - O

flares - P

photosphere - Q

atmosphere - R

106 temperature region - S

chromosphere - T

transition region - U

corona - V

heliosphere - W

begin to appear at high latitudes and move toward the equator .

hemispherically centered on the solar equator .

uniform and independent of latitude and longitude .

intensity tracks with active regions .

uniformly active above the photosphere .

tracks with flaring .

tracks with flares, loops, and active regions .

tracks with active regions away from sunspots .

differential rotation with latitude .

track in active regions with sunspots .

appear around the magnetic poles and track with them .

forms a kind of nimbus around chromospheric features such as spicules and filaments, and is in constant, chaotic motion, viewed in the ultraviolet .

12 True or False, The Sun must be located at the barycenter of the solar system.

	TRUE
	FALSE

13 What effects does the distribution of angular momentum in the solar system have on the origin of the Sun?

	an initially spherical and contracting nebula spinning faster as it collapses would produce the present situation in the solar system
	partitioning mass and angular momentum does not seem possible with a contracting nebula
	the rotation axis of the Sun from that of the system as a whole if formed by nebular collapse seems very unlikely
	the angular-momentum problem does not arise with the accretion theory
	surface differential rotation of the Sun results
	by the nature of the floccule process the star so formed will have little angular momentum

14 True or False, For the photosphere to have a net negative charge and interstellar electrons to be streaming into the solar system, the sign of the voltage at the Sun is positive.

	TRUE
	FALSE

15 Complete the text:

Match up the structure of the proto-Sun with the heliogonic characteristic or property:

radiative zone - L

core - M

convection zone - N

dynamo - O

tachocline - P

photosphere - Q

atmosphere - R

temperature region - S

chromosphere - T

transition region - U

corona - V

heliosphere - W

apparent outer surface .

just above the radiative zone .

top of the radiative zone .

part of the heliosphere .

below the corona and above the photosphere .

below the protostar's radiative zone .

coolest layer in the protoplanetary disc .

shear between different parts of the Sun that rotate in the radiative zone .

above the photosphere .

transition from almost uniform to differential between radiative and convective zones .

probably not differentiated as a protostar .

between the protoplanetary disc and the heliosphere .

16 True or False, In a cyclotron on Earth ²⁶¹Rg can be created using about 290 MeV to accelerate say ⁶⁴Ni into bismuth, in a coronal loop or flare in the atmosphere of the Sun where up to about 400 MeV expenditures have been detected, nickel can be accelerated up to about 290 MeV into bismuth to create roentgenium.

	TRUE
	FALSE

17 Complete the text:

Match up the likely type of star fission with each of the possibilities below:

a triple-component stellar multiple - A

massive star fission - B

semidetached binary - C

a separating close contact binary - D

ZAMS system - E

tight, circular orbit, impossible to tell eclipses - F

lobate star - G

coronal mass ejection - H

BH Centauri .

Plaskett's Star (HR 2422) .

Betelgeuse

W Ursae Majoris .

Beta Lyrae .

V1010 Ophiuchi

object is confirmed to be co-moving .

Sun .

18 True or False, The differential profile of the Sun's surface extends into the solar interior as rotating cylinders of constant angular momentum.

	TRUE
	FALSE

19 Complete the text:

Match up the stellar image with the radiation astronomy:

meteor astronomy - A

neutrino astronomy - B

gamma-ray astronomy - C

X-ray astronomy - D

ultraviolet astronomy - E

visual astronomy - F

violet astronomy - G

blue astronomy - H

yellow astronomy - I

red astronomy - J

orange astronomy - K

infrared astronomy - L

radio astronomy - M

File:280557main oblate purplesun HI.jpg .

File:Wfullb.jpg .

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File:Sun in X-rays Recovered.png .

File:Sun5GHz.jpg .

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File:Neusun1 superk1.jpg .

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File:Latest nsoHe.gif .

File:Blueberrysun friedman 1296.jpg .

File:Gamma sun1.jpg .

20 Which of the following are characteristics of a solar-like binary?

	Teff ≤ 6000 K
	break up of a triple-component stellar system
	none of the captured bodies localize near the Sun
	some captured bodies may localize near Jupiter
	the Jupiter system may be a control group

21 Which of the following is not a spectral class G star?

	Alpha Centauri A
	Capella
	Sun
	Procyon
	Tau Ceti
	Kepler-22

22 Which of the following are radiation astronomy phenomena associated with Afghanistan?

	the Ai Khanoum Sun dial
	Cybele
	An orange sunset in the Mahim Bay
	a black sky without stars
	the zenith
	Helios

23 Which of the following are phenomena usually associated with a heliostat?

	geographic coordinates
	a mirror which turns so as to keep reflecting sunlight toward a predetermined target
	the target is usually stationary
	computer control
	a two-axis motorized system
	altitude

24 Which phenomena are associated with the heliosphere?

	a region of space where the interstellar medium is blown away by the solar wind
	a bubble in space
	virtually all the material emanates from the Sun itself
	Voyager 2
	Voyager 1
	the termination shock

25 Complete the text:

Match up the letter for the object name with the radio or radar image below:

Sun - A

Mercury - B

Venus - C

Earth - D

Moon (South Pole) - E

Moon (North Pole) - F

Moon (850 micron thermal emission) - G

Mars (North Pole cross section) - H

Toustatis - I

Jupiter - J

Saturn - K

Titan - L

Interstellar medium - M

Milky Way - N

3C 98 - O

3C 31 - P

3C 380 - Q

Moon (self radiation) - R

NGC 4151 - S

GRS 1915 - T

M87 - U

3C 279 - V

IRC+10216 - W

Boomerang nebula - X

R Sculptoris - Y

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File:3C 380 bent.jpg .

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File:Bhexplode merlin big.gif .

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File:Nhsc2010-011a.jpg .

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File:Sun5GHz.jpg .

File:3c279 mosaic lo.jpg .

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File:Ngc4151stis.gif .

File:Jupiter radio image.jpg .

File:Moon at 850 microns.gif .

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File:HIsky.jpg

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26 Complete the text:

Match up the object viewed in the ultraviolet with its image:

Sun's chromosphere- L

calcite - M

Venus - N

Jupiter's aurora - O

Jupiter - P

Io - Q

Saturn - R

Betelgeuse - S

Mira - T

LAB-1 - U

Messier 101 - V

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File:Betelgeuse star hubble-580x580.jpg .

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27 Complete the text:

Match up the letter of the spherical object with each of the possibilities below:

Sun - A

Mercury - B

Venus - C

Earth - D

Moon - E

Mars - F

Ceres - G

Jupiter - H

Callisto - I

Europa - J

Ganymede - K

Io - L

Enceladus - M

Titan - N

Uranus - O

Titania - P

Neptune - Q

Triton - R

Pluto - S

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28 Which of the following are green radiation astronomy phenomena associated with the Sun?

	the color of the upper rim as seen from Earth
	an excess brightness at or near the edge of the Sun
	the iron XIV green line
	neutron emission
	polar coronal holes
	meteor emission
	changes in the line-blanketing

29 Complete the text:

Match up the type of Sun system astrogony with each of the possibilities below:

Babylonian epic story of creation - A

a primordial or first Greek god - B

the primeval chaos - C

creation of heaven and earth - D

Greek god personifying the sky - E

Cronus (Saturn) castrating his father - F

separation of the waters by a firmament .

Chaos magno .

Uranus .

watery abyss .

Ouranos

Enuma Elish .

30 Which of the following are associated with the dynamo of the Sun?

	plate tectonics in its past
	dipole magnetic field
	it is spheroidal
	stripes of crustal magnetism
	a circular electric current flowing deep within the star
	it appears to be in hydrostatic equilibrium
	transform faults
	shear between different parts of the Sun
	two natural satelites
	it has a radiative zone

31 Nuclear physics phenomena associated with the atmosphere of the Sun are

	symbiotic novae
	coronal loops acting like particle accelerators
	nanoflares
	high atmospheric pressure
	deuterium
	emitted neutrons

32 Which of the following sunspot phenomena are associated with the Maunder minimum?

	extensively long quiet Sun
	lowest 14C concentration from as far back as 1100 BP.
	a period of lower-than-average European temperatures
	a surface coverage of about 88%
	only about 50 sunspots during one 30-year period
	11-year cycles

33 Complete the text:

Match up the likely surface fusion activity with the image:

CME - A

coronal clouds - B

solar flare - C

neutrinos from the solar octant - D

coronal loops - E

prominences - F

File:Neusun1 superk1.jpg .

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File:Sun in X-rays Recovered.png .

34 Complete the text:

Match up the item letter with each of the possibilities below:

Hydrogen - H, or D

Helium - He

Lithium - Li

Beryllium - Be

Boron - B

Carbon - C

Nitrogen - N

Oxygen - O

Fluorine - F

Neon - Ne

consumed in chromosphere fusion to produce lithium and neutrinos .

isotope fusion in the chromosphere producing neutrinos

fusion in the chromosphere producing the most neutrinos .

a factor of ~200 below meteorite abundance in the Sun's photosphere .

detected with X-rays on the Moon .

an organic form detected in Allan Hills 84001 probably from Mars .

detected marginally on Venus with Chandra .

found in the X-ray spectra of comets .

consumed to produce beryllium and neutrinos .

a surface impurity on meteorites .

Hypotheses

Main resource: Hypotheses

1. Throughout hominin history the Sun may not have been the only very close-by star.

See also

• Astronomy/Quiz