Self-determination theory

Self-determination theory

Overview

Self-determination theory (SDT) consists of six related sub-theories that explain different aspects of motivation and psychological well-being based on organismic dialectic approach (Deci & Ryan, 2000):

• Cognitive evaluation theory (CET): Focuses on how external rewards and feedback influence intrinsic motivation, emphasising the role of autonomy and competence.
• Organismic integration theory (OIT): Provides a taxonomy of motivation which describes a spectrum from extrinsic to intrinsic motivation, highlighting the processes through which external motivations can become internalised.
• Basic psychological needs theory (BPNT): Explains that autonomy, competence, and relatedness are essential for psychological growth, well-being, and optimal functioning.
• Causality orientations theory (COT): Examines individual differences in motivational orientation, identifying three types: autonomy-oriented, control-oriented, and impersonally-oriented.
• Goal contents theory (GCT): Differentiates between intrinsic and extrinsic goals, noting how they impact well-being and motivation.
• Relationships motivation theory (RMT): Explores the importance of satisfying relationships and how they contribute to fulfilling the need for relatedness, thereby influencing motivation and well-being.

Basic psychological needs

Basic psychological needs theory suggests that there are three important ingredients for psychological well-being and which foster intrinsic motivation:

• Autonomy - Having a sense of personal control over life circumstances
• Competence - Having sufficient skill and knowledge to handle life circumstances
• Relatedness - Having at least some warm, positive, supportive relationships

Taxonomy

Deci and Ryan (2000)'s taxonomy of motivation describes a motivational spectrum that includes amotivation, four types of extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation.

See also

• Extrinsic motivation
• Intrinsic motivation
• Self-determination theory (Wikipedia)
• Self-determination theory (Motivation and emotion book chapters)

References

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). "The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01

External links

• Self-determination theory (selfdeterminationtheory.org)