PlanetPhysics/Fresnel Formulae

Proof.

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The function \,\, is entire, whence by the fundamental theorem of complex analysis we have

where is the perimeter of the circular sector described in the picture.\, We split this contour integral to three portions:

By the entry concerning the Gaussian integral, we know that

For handling , we use the substitution Using also de Moivre's formula we can write Comparing the graph of the function \,\, with the line through the points \,\, and\, \, allows us to estimate downwards: Hence we obtain and moreover Therefore Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "http://localhost:6011/en.wikiversity.org/v1/":): {\displaystyle \lim_{R\to\infty}I_2 = 0.\\}

Then make to the substitution It yields

Thus, letting\, ,\, the equation (2) implies

Because the imaginary part vanishes, we infer that\, ,\, whence (3) reads So we get also the result\, ,\, Q.E.D.