Parkinson's Symptoms/Torticollis

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Torticollis

Asymmetric spasm of the neck muscles

The following references are relevant:-

Bronstein and Rudge (1986) Vestibular involvement in spasmodic torticollis^[1]

Jahanshah (2000) Factors that ameliorate or aggravate spasmodic torticollis ^[2]

Thompson et al (2011) Convergent mechanisms in etiologically-diverse dystonias ^[3]

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References

↑ Bronstein, A.M. and Rudge, P. (1986) Full TextJ. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 49 (3) 290 – 295 Vestibular involvement in spasmodic torticollis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1028728/
↑ Jahanshah, M. (2000) Full TextJ. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 68 (2) 227 – 229 Factors that ameliorate or aggravate spasmodic torticollis http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1736788/
↑ Thompson, Valerie B.; Jinnah, H.A. and Hess, Ellen J. (2011) Full text Expert Opin. Ther. Targets 15 (12) 1387 – 1403 Convergent mechanisms in etiologically-diverse dystonias http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3514401/

[1] Bronstein, A.M. and Rudge, P. (1986) Full TextJ. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 49 (3) 290 – 295 Vestibular involvement in spasmodic torticollis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1028728/

[2] Jahanshah, M. (2000) Full TextJ. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 68 (2) 227 – 229 Factors that ameliorate or aggravate spasmodic torticollis http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1736788/

[3] Thompson, Valerie B.; Jinnah, H.A. and Hess, Ellen J. (2011) Full text Expert Opin. Ther. Targets 15 (12) 1387 – 1403 Convergent mechanisms in etiologically-diverse dystonias http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3514401/

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