Parkinson's Symptoms/Stalevo
STALEVO ® is widely prescribed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and some Parkinson's_Plus syndromes.
Active ingredients
editCarbidopa, is an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylation, and is a white, crystalline compound, slightly soluble in water, with a molecular weight of 244.3. It is designated chemically as (—)-L-α-hydrazino-α-methyl-β-(3,4-dihydroxybenzene) propamic acid monohydrate. Its empirical formula is C10H14N2O4•H2O.
Entacapone is somewhat similar to carbidopa or benserazide, in that it is an inhibitor of an enzyme that converts L-DOPA into a compound that cannot cross the blood brain barrier.
Levodopa, an aromatic amino acid, is a white, crystalline compound, slightly soluble in water, with a molecular weight of 197.2. It is designated chemically as (—)-L-α-amino-β-(3,4-dihydroxybenzene) propanic acid. Its empirical formula is C9H11NO4
Inactive ingredients
editmanitol (E421)
povidone K30 (E1201)
glycerol (422)
polysorbate 80
red iron oxide (E172)
titanium dioxide (E171)
yellow iron oxide (E172)
Most common adverse reactions to STALEVO
editDystonia (Uncontrolled movements)
Paranoia and psychotic symptoms
Depression (possibly with thoughts of suicide)
Amnesia and cognitive deficits
Less common adverse reactions to STALEVO
editIrregular heart rate and rhythm
Light headedness or fainting due to low blood pressure
Dizziness
Drowsiness
Sudden worsening of Parkinson's symptoms
Loss of appetite
Vomiting
Bleeding in the gut
Ulcers
Abdominal pain
Dry mouth
Constipation
Diarrhoea
High blood pressure
Inflammation of the veins in the legs
Insomnia
Hallucinations
Confusion
Unpleasant dreams
Tiredness
Muscle cramps
Sweating
Falls postural instability)
Changes in blood cells
Fainting
Infections
Bleeding
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Tingling or numbness
Convulsions
Rare or very rare effects
editAgitation
Itching and rashes
Weight loss or gain
vision disturbances
Muscle cramps
Drug interactions
editSelective MAO-A plus MAO- inhibitors
>non-selective MAO inhibitors (e.g. Moclobemide-aka Aurorix and Manerix.}
noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors (e.g. Desipramine- aka Desmethylimipramine; Maprotiline aka -Deprilept, Ludiomil, Psymion; Venlaxafine - aka Effexor or Efexor )
tricycline antidepressants (e.g. Amitryptiline - aka Tryptomer, Elavil, Tryptizol, Laroxyl, Saroten, Sarotex, Lentizol, Endep)
Paroxetine aka Aropax, Paxil, Pexeva, Seroxat, Sereupin
Isoprenaline aka Isoproterenol, Medihaler-Iso and Isupre
Alpha-methyldopa
Apomorphine aka Apokyn, Ixense, Spontane, Uprima]]
rimiterole
Dopamine antagonists
iron supplements
Further reading
editSearch the scientific literature (Stalevo)
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Literature search:
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(current)
U.S. Food and Drugs Administration report on Stalevo, http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm206513.htm
(2010)
Podcast for Healthcare Professionals:Ongoing Safety Review of Stalevo (entacapone/carbidopa/levodopa) and possible development of Prostate Cancer http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/DrugSafetyPodcasts/ucm207688.htm
FDA Drug Safety Communication: Ongoing Safety Review of Stalevo and possible increased cardiovascular risk http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm223060.htm
FDA Drug Safety Podcast for Healthcare Professionals: Ongoing Safety Review of Stalevo and possible increased cardiovascular risk
http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/DrugSafetyPodcasts/ucm223620.htm
FDA Drug Safety Communication: Ongoing Safety Review of Stalevo (entacapone/carbidopa/levodopa) and possible development of Prostate Cancer
http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm206363.htm
Eurpean Medicines Agency report on stalevo. http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/human/medicines/000511/human_med_001063.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058001d124