Obstetrics and Gynecology/Post-Menopausal Bleeding

Post-menopausal Bleeding is vaginal bleeding occurring after the menopause

Differential Diagnosis

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The differential diagnosis of post-menopausal bleeding is classified according the organ involved:

Uterine disorders:

  • Endometrial carcinoma
  • Endometrial Atrophy

Cervical disorders

  • Cervical carcinoma
  • Cervical polyp

Vaginal disorders

  • Vaginal carcinoma
  • Vaginal atrophy

Vulval disorders

  • Vulval atrophy
  • Vulval carcinoma

Other

Diagnosis

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The diagnosis of post-menopausal bleeding is made using the following clinical skills:

References

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  • O'Connor, J. Pathology 2nd ed. Mosby. Edinburgh. 2002.
  • McCarthy, A & Hunter, B (2003) Master Medicine: Obstetrics and Gynaecology (2nd ed.) Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunder
  • www.gpnotebook.co.uk