OToPS/ABACAB (NIH R01 MH066647)
< OToPS
Assessing Bipolar Disorder: A Community-Academic Blend (ABACAB)
editThis page reproduces and expands the closing report for NIH R01 MH066647.
We will work on formatting and adding links to the closing report in the Discuss page and then move sections over.
Sources of Information
editThe "Source" column of the table below refers to the source or method by which these variables were gathered or created.
SI = Semi-structured diagnostic interview (of both the parent and youth).
Perf = cognitive performance measure
C = caregiver (parent)
Y = Youth (self-report)
T = Teacher
Rev = administrative review of records
Overview of Measures
edit| Measure | Source | $ | Date Added to Protocol | Community Mental Health (ACI) | Longitudinal Baseline | 2nd Wave | 3rd Wave | 4th Wave | 5th Wave |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # Completed by wave | 609 | 209 | 75 | 29 | 16 | 1 | |||
| KSADS (Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia - Pres & Life)[1] | free | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| KSADS Mania Rating Scale (KMRS)[2] | free | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| KSADS Depression Rating Scale (KDRS)[1] | free | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| Child Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R)[3] | free | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS)[4] | free | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| KSADS-PDD Screen (additional details about Pervasive Developmental Disorders)[1] | free | April, 2007 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Lifeline (Detailed developmental history)[5] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| MD/PhD Evaluation (review of interview by a doctoral level clinician) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| Sheehan Disability Scale[6][7] | $ | April, 2005 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Bipolar Course Checklist (used to track features related to types of bipolar disorder) | free | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| Rater 1 Observational Rating of Discrete Emotions (ORDES)[8] | April, 2007 | Yes | Yes | ||||||
| Rater 1 Guide to Assessment of Test Session Behavior (GATSB)[9] | April, 2007 | Yes | Yes | ||||||
| Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI)[10] | April, 2007 | Yes | Yes | ||||||
| SADS-LB (Psychiatric History Interview of Caregiver and Family)[11] | $ | removed 10/03 | |||||||
| Child and Adolescent Impact Assessment (CAIA)[12][13] | Yes | ||||||||
| Child and Adolescent Services Assessment (CASA) [14] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||
| Demographic Packet/Contact Sheet | Yes | Yes | |||||||
| Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)[15] | $ | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||
| Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) - Mother[16] | $ | October, 2003 | Yes | Yes | |||||
| Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) - Father[16] | $ | October, 2003 | Yes | Yes | |||||
| Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) - Others[16] | $ | October, 2003 | Yes | Yes | |||||
| Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria (FHRDC)[17] | February, 2004; Modified, April, 2007 | Yes | Yes | ||||||
| Rater 2 Observational Rating of Discrete Emotions (ORDES)[8] | April, 2007 | Yes | Yes | ||||||
| Rater 2 Guide to Assessment of Test Session Behavior (GATSB)[9] | April, 2007 | Yes | Yes | ||||||
| Bender Gestalt test of visual-motor integration[18] | $ | April, 2007 | Yes | Yes | |||||
| Autism Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ?) [19] | added at ACI 10/03 | Yes | Yes | ||||||
| Parent KINDL: 5-7 years 8-16 years[20] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| Antisocial Processes Screening Device (APSD – Parent)[21] | added at ACI 10/03 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| Young's Mania Rating Scale -- Revised Parent (YMRS – Parent II)[22] | added at ACI 10/03 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| General Behavior Inventory (GBI) – Parent Re: Youth[23] | free | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| Mood Disorder Questionnaire – Parent Re: Youth[24] | free | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| Parent Report Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Approach System (BIS/BAS) Re:Youth [25] | free | added at ACI 10/03 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Family Assessment Device (FAD)[26] | free | added at ACI 10/03 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Expressed Emotions-Parent (EE-P)[27] | added at ACI 10/03 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| Child Mania Rating Scale [28] | April, 2005 | Yes | Yes | ||||||
| General Behavior Inventory (GBI) Parent re: Self[23] | Dropped October, 2004 | Yes | Yes | ||||||
| Mood Disorder Questionnaire – Parent Re: Self[24] | free | October, 2004 modified 12/05 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Beck Depression Inventory – Parent Re: Self[29] | free | October, 2004 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| SCID-II Parent[30] | C | April, 2007 | Yes | Yes | |||||
| Sleep Questionnaire | April, 2007 | Yes | Yes | ||||||
| Child Symptom Inventory (CSI) [31] | October, 2004 | Yes | Yes | ||||||
| Social Activities Questionnaire | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||
| Temperament Scale (DOTS)[32] | October, 2004 | Yes | Yes | ||||||
| Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire[33] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||
| KINDL: 4-7 8-12 13-16[20] | Y | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| APSD – Youth S.R. (Age 11-17 ACI; 6-17 Case)[21] | Y | added at ACI 10/03 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Expressed Emotions Teen Questionnaire (EE-A) (Age 11-17 ACI; 8-17 Case)[27] | Y | added at ACI 10/03 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Young Mania Rating Scale – S.R. (YMRS-SR) (Age 11-17 ACI; 10-17 Case)[4] | Y | added at ACI 10/03 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| EDI-II 60 (Age 11-17 ACI; 10-17 Case)[34] | Y | added at ACI 10/03 | Yes | Yes | |||||
| General Behavior Inventory – Adolescent (GBI-A) (Age 11-17 ACI; 10-17 Case)[23] | Y | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ-A) (Age 11-17)[24] | Y | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| BIS/BAS SR (Age 11-17 ACI; 10-17 Case)[25] | Y | added at ACI 10/03 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Achenbach Youth Self Report (YSR) (Age 11-17)[15] | Y | $ | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| CATS/CPSS (Age 11-17 ACI; 8-17 Case)[35] | Y | added at ACI 10/03 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Friendship Network Questionnaire (Age11-17) | Y | December, 2005 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Network of Relationships Inventory (Age 11-17)[36] | Y | December, 2005 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Self Perceptions Profile for Adolescents (Age 11-17)[37] | Y | December, 2005 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Peer Experiences Questionnaire (Age 11-17)[38] | Y | December, 2005 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| SAS-A (Age 11-17) [39] | Y | Yes | Yes | ||||||
| Gambling Task (Age 11-17) | Y | December, 2005 | Yes | Yes | |||||
| EYES (Age 10-17) | Y | Added for FU in October, 2004; added in T1 - 3/06 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| SCID-II Personality Screen (Age 11-17)[40] | Y | April, 2007 | Yes | Yes | |||||
| MASC (Age 8-17)[41] | Y | ?? | addendum to add @ ACI, but never added | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Youth Symptom Inventory (YSI) (Age 11-17) | Y | $ | October, 2004 | Yes | Yes | ||||
| Peterson Pubertal Scale (Age 11-17)[42] | Y? | October, 2004 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| Antisocial Process Screening Device, Teacher version (APSD-T)[21] | T | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| Young's Mania Rating Scale - Teacher version (YMRS-T)[4] | T | added at ACI 10/03 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Achenbach Teacher Report Form (TRF)[15] | T | $ | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| General Behavior Inventory - Teacher Version (GBI-T)[29] | T | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| Adjustment Scales for Children & Adolescents (ASCA)[43] | T | ?? out of print | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Child Mania Rating Scale - Teacher version (CMRS-T)[28] | T | April, 2005 | Yes | Yes |
Miscellany
editComplete copy of the source documents (375 page PDF scanning the principal investigator's copy of source documents, with handwritten annotation).[1]
Detailed information about the scoring for the "longitudinal expert evaluation of all data" (LEAD) diagnoses in the grant.
Here's a link to an example of a simple data use agreement (DUA) related to the project: ABACAB Data Use Agreement
Procedure for KSADS scoring template
Bipolar Research Group Rosetta Stone
Magic Colors Virtual Template (KSADS)
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kaufman, Joan; Birmaher, Boris; Brent, David; Rao, Uma; Flynn, Cynthia; Moreci, Paula; Williamson, Douglas; Ryan, Neal (1997-07). "Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): Initial Reliability and Validity Data". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 36 (7): 980–988. doi:10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0890856709625557.
- ↑ Axelson, David; Birmaher, Boris J.; Brent, David; Wassick, Susan; Hoover, Christine; Bridge, Jeffrey; Ryan, Neal (2003-12). "A Preliminary Study of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Mania Rating Scale for Children and Adolescents". Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology 13 (4): 463–470. doi:10.1089/104454603322724850. ISSN 1044-5463. http://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/104454603322724850.
- ↑ Poznanski E. Mokros H. Children's Depression Rating Scale–Revised (CDRS-R) Los Angeles: WPS; 1996.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Young, R. C.; Biggs, J. T.; Ziegler, V. E.; Meyer, D. A. (1978-11). "A Rating Scale for Mania: Reliability, Validity and Sensitivity". British Journal of Psychiatry 133 (5): 429–435. doi:10.1192/bjp.133.5.429. ISSN 0007-1250. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007125000198551/type/journal_article.
- ↑ Gramling, Lou F.; Carr, Rebecca L. (2004-05). "Lifelines: A Life History Methodology". Nursing Research 53 (3): 207. doi:10.1097/00006199-200405000-00008. ISSN 0029-6562. https://journals.lww.com/nursingresearchonline/abstract/2004/05000/lifelines__a_life_history_methodology.8.aspx.
- ↑ Sheehan DV (1983) The Anxiety disease. Scribner, New York
- ↑ Sheehan DV, Harnett-Sheehan K, Raj BA (1996). The measurement of disability. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 11 (Suppl 3):89–95. PDF: http://journals.lww.com/intclinpsychopharm/Abstract/1996/06003/The_measurement_of_disability.15.aspx
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Harmon-Jones, Cindy; Bastian, Brock; Harmon-Jones, Eddie (2016-08-08). "The Discrete Emotions Questionnaire: A New Tool for Measuring State Self-Reported Emotions". PLOS ONE 11 (8): e0159915. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159915. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 27500829. PMC PMC4976910. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0159915.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Daleiden, Eric; Drabman, Ronald S.; Benton, Jennifer (2002-05). "The Guide to the Assessment of Test Session Behavior: Validity in Relation to Cognitive Testing and Parent-Reported Behavior Problems in a Clinical Sample". Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 31 (2): 263–271. doi:10.1207/S15374424JCCP3102_11. ISSN 1537-4416. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/S15374424JCCP3102_11.
- ↑ Wechsler, David (2012-11-12). Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (in en). doi:10.1037/t15170-000. https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/t15170-000.
- ↑ Kasper, Siegfried, ed (2003-04-18). Handbook of Depression and Anxiety (in en) (0 ed.). CRC Press. doi:10.3109/9780203911822. ISBN 978-0-203-91182-2. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203911822.
- ↑ Messer SC, Angold A, Costello EJ, & Burns BJ (1996) The Child and Adolescent Burden Assessment (CABA): Measuring the family impact of emotional and behavioral problems. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 6:261-284.
- ↑ Farmer EMZ, Burns BJ, Angold A, & Costello EJ (1997) Impact of Children’s Mental Health Problems on Families: Relationships with Service Use. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 5:230-238. Copyright (1997) by PRO-ED, Inc.
- ↑ Farmer EMZ, Angold A, Burns BJ, & Costello EJ “Reliability of self-reported service use: Test-retest consistency of children’s responses to the Child and Adolescent Services Assessment (CASA).” Journal of Child and Family Studies, 1994; 3:307-325
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Achenbach, T. M. (2001). Manual for ASEBA school-age forms & profiles. University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth & Families.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Amorim, P., Janavs, J., Weiller, E., Hergueta, T., Baker, R., & Dunbar, G. C. (1998). The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 59 Suppl 20, 22–57.
- ↑ Uher R., et al. A familial risk enriched cohort as a platform fortesting early interventions to prevent severe mental illness. BMC Psychiatry 2014, :344.
- ↑ Ford-Martin, Paula "Bender-Gestalt Test ." Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, 3rd ed.. . Retrieved June 14, 2024 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/bender-gestalt-test
- ↑ Ehlers, S., Gillberg, C., & Wing, L. (1999). A screening questionnaire for Asperger syndrome and other high-functioning autism spectrum disorders in school age children. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 29(2), 129-141.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Ravens-Sieberer, U.; Bullinger, M. (1998-07). "Assessing health-related quality of life in chronically ill children with the German KINDL: first psychometric and content analytical results". Quality of Life Research 7 (5): 399–407. doi:10.1023/A:1008853819715. ISSN 0962-9343. http://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1008853819715.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Frick, Paul J.; Hare, Robert D. (2011-09-12). Antisocial Process Screening Device (in en). doi:10.1037/t00032-000. https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/t00032-000.
- ↑ Young, R. C.; Biggs, J. T.; Ziegler, V. E.; Meyer, D. A. (1978-11). "A Rating Scale for Mania: Reliability, Validity and Sensitivity". British Journal of Psychiatry 133 (5): 429–435. doi:10.1192/bjp.133.5.429. ISSN 0007-1250. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007125000198551/type/journal_article.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Depue, Richard A.; Slater, Judith F.; Wolfstetter-Kausch, Heidi; Klein, Daniel; Goplerud, Eric; Farr, David (1981-10). "A behavioral paradigm for identifying persons at risk for bipolar depressive disorder: A conceptual framework and five validation studies.". Journal of Abnormal Psychology 90 (5): 381–437. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.90.5.381. ISSN 1939-1846. https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-843X.90.5.381.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Hirschfeld, Robert M.A.; Williams, Janet B.W.; Spitzer, Robert L.; Calabrese, Joseph R.; Flynn, Laurie; Keck, Paul E.; Lewis, Lydia; McElroy, Susan L. et al. (2000-11). "Development and Validation of a Screening Instrument for Bipolar Spectrum Disorder: The Mood Disorder Questionnaire". American Journal of Psychiatry 157 (11): 1873–1875. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.11.1873. ISSN 0002-953X. http://psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.11.1873.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 Carver, Charles S. & White, Teri L. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(2), 319 – 333.
- ↑ Epstein, N. B., Baldwin, L. M., & Bishop, D. S. (1983). The McMaster family assessment device. Journal of marital and family therapy, 9(2), 171-180.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 Cole, John D.; Kazarian, Shahe S. (1988-05). "The level of expressed emotion scale: A new measure of expressed emotion". Journal of Clinical Psychology 44 (3): 392–397. doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198805)44:3<392::AID-JCLP2270440313>3.0.CO;2-3. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1097-4679(198805)44:33.0.CO;2-3.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 Pavuluri, Mani N.; Henry, David B.; Devineni, Bhargavi; Carbray, Julie A.; Birmaher, Boris (2006-05). "Child Mania Rating Scale: Development, Reliability, and Validity". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 45 (5): 550–560. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000205700.40700.50. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0890856709612028.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 Beck, A.T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961) An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.
- ↑ Walters, Paul; Moran, Paul; Choudhury, Partha; Lee, Tennyson; Mann, Anthony (2004-02). "Screening for personality disorder: a comparison of personality disorder assessment by patients and informants". International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 13 (1): 34–39. doi:10.1002/mpr.162. ISSN 1049-8931. PMID 15181485. PMC PMC6878308. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mpr.162.
- ↑ Sprafkin, Joyce; Gadow, Kenneth D.; Salisbury, Helen; Schneider, Jayne; Loney, Jan (2002-11). "Further Evidence of Reliability and Validity of the Child Symptom Inventory-4: Parent Checklist in Clinically Referred Boys". Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 31 (4): 513–524. doi:10.1207/S15374424JCCP3104_10. ISSN 1537-4416. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/S15374424JCCP3104_10.
- ↑ Windle, Michael; Lerner, Richard M. (1986-04). "Reassessing the Dimensions of Temperamental Individuality Across the Life Span:The Revised Dimensions of Temperament Survey (DOTS-R)". Journal of Adolescent Research 1 (2): 213–229. doi:10.1177/074355488612007. ISSN 0743-5584. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/074355488612007.
- ↑ Buss, Arnold H.; Perry, Mark (1992-09). "The Aggression Questionnaire.". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63 (3): 452–459. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452. ISSN 1939-1315. https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452.
- ↑ Izard, C. E., Libero, D. Z., Putnam, P., & Haynes, O. M. (1993). Stability of emotion experiences and their relations to traits of personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 847-860. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.27.3.432
- ↑ Foa, E. B., Johnson, K. M., Feeny, N. C., & Treadwell, K. R. H. (2001). The Child PTSD Symptom Scale: A preliminary examination of its psychometric properties. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30(3), 376-384.
- ↑ Furman W, Buhrmester D. Children’s perceptions of the personal relationships in their social networks. Developmental Psychology. 1985;21:1016–1024.
- ↑ Harter, S. (1988). Manual for the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents. Denver, CO: University of Denver Press
- ↑ Prinstein MJ, Boergers J, Vernberg EM. Overt and relational aggression in adolescents: social-psychological adjustment of aggressors and victims. J Clin Child Psychol. 2001;30:479–91.
- ↑ Nelemans, Stefanie A.; Meeus, Wim H. J.; Branje, Susan J. T.; Van Leeuwen, Karla; Colpin, Hilde; Verschueren, Karine; Goossens, Luc (2019-03). "Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) Short Form: Longitudinal Measurement Invariance in Two Community Samples of Youth". Assessment 26 (2): 235–248. doi:10.1177/1073191116685808. ISSN 1073-1911. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1073191116685808.
- ↑ First, M. B., Gibbon, M., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Benjamin, L. S. (1997). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc.
- ↑ MARCH, JOHN S.; PARKER, JAMES D.A.; SULLIVAN, KEVIN; STALLINGS, PATRICIA; CONNERS, C. KEITH (1997-04). "The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC): Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 36 (4): 554–565. doi:10.1097/00004583-199704000-00019. ISSN 0890-8567. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199704000-00019.
- ↑ Petersen, Anne C.; Crockett, Lisa; Richards, Maryse; Boxer, Andrew (1988-04). "A self-report measure of pubertal status: Reliability, validity, and initial norms". Journal of Youth and Adolescence 17 (2): 117–133. doi:10.1007/BF01537962. ISSN 0047-2891. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF01537962.
- ↑ McDermott, P.A., Marston, N.C., & Stott, D.H. ( 1993). Adjustment Scales for Children and Adolescents. Philadelphia: Edumetric and Clinical Science.