Nubehexian 1/Articles and Introduction

Now that we have formally discussed the alphabet and pronunciation system of Nubehexian, it is possible to introduce some very basic vocabulary and grammar concepts.

Articles

In Nubehexian, there are only two articles and they are never inflected to correspond to gender or number (they stay the same in all circumstances).

Article	Type	Notes
ōûn	indefinite	This article is the equivalent to "a" or "an" in English. When referring to an object without any particular emphasis, it is ideal to use this article.
vel	definite	This article is the equivalent to "the" in English. This is commonly used to place emphasis on a particular noun or to disambiguate a group of objects that are expressed with plural forms of nouns.

Subject Pronouns and Stah, the "To Be" Verb

Probably the most fundamental verb in most languages is the "to be" verb, which is also called the copula. In Nubehexian, the to be verb is used to express state of being, and nouns (in this case, indirect objects) are never inflected when the to be verb complements them. In this situation, all nouns assume the nominative case, or its dictionary form (grammatical cases will be discussed in detail soon). However, in order to begin applying the copula, it is necessary to introduce the subject pronouns. The following table provides some context for each of them.

Subject Pronoun	Type	Notes
sel	first person singular	Essentially the equivalent to "I" in English.
sëīl	first person plural	Essentially the equivalent to "we" in English.
sentis	second person informal singular	This is similar to the singular "you" in English, but this pronoun is considered informal and should be reserved for casual or colloquial conversation.
sentis klass	second person formal singular	This is the formal singular version of "you" in English, and should be used in formal conversation as well as in written addresses and academic reports.
sentisīk	second person informal plural
sentisīk klassëīk	second person formal plural
naulem	third person masculine singular	Essentially the equivalent to "he" in English.
nauless	third person feminine singular	Essentially the equivalent to "she" in English.
et	third person neuter singular	Essentially the equivalent to "it" in English.
grōōler	third person masculine/feminine informal plural	This pronoun should be used when referring to an informal or arbitrary group of individuals only.
evineh	third person masculine/feminine formal plural	This pronoun should be used when referring to a formal group of people, such as an organization or institution.
etīk	third person neuter plural	This is a pronoun that is not present in English, but it is simply the plural form of "it" in English.

The next table below introduces the simple present and preterite tense forms of the to be verb, “stah."

Conjugation	Tense	Notes
sel/naulem/nauless/et stat	simple present	Essentially the equivalent to "am" and "is" in English.
sëīl/sentis/sentisīk/sentis klass/sentisīk klassëīk/grōōler/evineh/etīk stateh	simple present	Essentially the equivalent to "are" in English.
sel/naulem/nauless/et vaust	simple preterite	Essentially the equivalent to "was" in English.
sëīl/sentis/sentisīk/sentis klass/sentisīk klassëīk/grōōler/evineh/etīk vaustī	simple preterite	Essentially the equivalent to "were" in English.

Quick Practice

Make an effort to write out each table from this lesson by memory. It is not necessary to include the columns with miscellaneous notes unless you elect yourself to do so.