Learn Arabic (Language Of Quran)/Diacritical


Single Diacritical marks
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  • Fatha فَتحة
     
    Fatha Diac
ـَ


the same of the light /A/ English sound ; it's written above the letter



  • Dhama ضَمّة
     
    Dhama diac.


ـُ

the same of the light /U/ English sound ; it's written above the letter




  • Kasra كَسرة
     
    Kasra Diac.


ـِ

the same of the light /I/ English sound ; it's written under the letter




Examples


ذَهَبَ = /Dahaba/ Went (verb)
يُسافِرُ = /Yusafiru/ Travels(verb)
إِقرأ = /Iqra'/ Read(verb)
وَردة = /Warda/ Flower(name)
عُلوم = /Uoloom/ Sciences(name)
كِتاب = /Kitab/ Book(name)

Double Diacritical marks (Nunation or Tanwen)
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lies at the end of the word By Doubling the last diacritical of the word, representing a silent N(Noon).

Mainly added to the adjectives and Nouns for many purposes therefore, there are too many types of Tanween ,The main use of it is to define the 'undefined'(Nakira) word



  • Tanwenul Fath تَنوينُ الفَتحْ
     
    How to write Tanwenul Fath
ـً


the same of the /AN/ sound ; it's written above the letter






  • Tanwenul Dhamتَنوينُ الضَمْ
     
    How to write Tanwenul Dham
ـٌ


the same of the /UN/ sound ; it's written above the letter





  • Tanwenul Kasrتَنوينُ الكَسرْ
     
    How to write Tanwenul Kasr
ـٍ


the same of the /IN/ sound ; it's written under the letter



Examples



أيضاً = /AydhAN/ Also(name)
قَلِيلاً = /QaleelAN/ Little(adv.)
مَّغْفِرَةٌ = /MaghfiratUN/ Forgiveness (adj.)
عَظِيمٌ = /Aَ Dَ eemUN/ Great(adj.)
سُرُرٍ = /SururIN/ Beds(name)
شَيْءٍ = /Shay'IN/ Thing(name)


Another Diacritical marks
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  • Shadda شَدّة
 
How to write Shadda
ـّ


Emphasis the letter (strongly pronouncing the letter like if it is two letters);
it's written above the letter and can be mixed with the main 3 Diacriticals (Fatha, Dhama and Kasra)







  • Sukon سُكون
 
How to write Sukon
ـْ

Means there is no Diacritical on the letter, written above the letter as a small circle








  • Maddaمَدّة
 
How to write Madda
آ

Comes above the Alif Letter , pronounced as 'A




Examples



جَنَّة = /Djanna/Paradise(name)

سَبِّحْ =/Sabbih/Praise(verb)

قُلْ = /Qul/ Say(verb)

إقْطَعْ = /Iqta'/Cut(verb)

آباء = /'Aba'/ Fathers(name)

آدم = /'Adam/ Adam(name)