Knee exam
(Redirected from Knee Exam)
Observation (supine) edit
- Ecchymosis (bruise)? Surgical scars?
- Erythema or overlying rash/celulitis
- Knee resting position
- Knee effusion with obscured landmarks
- Quadriceps muscle atrophy
Observation (standing) edit
- Balanced weight on each leg
- Genu varum or genu valgum deformity
- Gait analysis
- Hip, knee and ankle alignment
- Presence of Baker cysts (inspect popliteal fossa with patient standing)
Palpation edit
- Temperature
- Joint line tenderness
- Bony structures
- Bursae and tendons
Range of motion edit
- Normal flexion = 130 degrees
- look for pain and crepitus
- do active vs passive ROM
- Normal extension = 10 degrees above horizontal
Knee effusion tests edit
- patellar ballotment
- knee milking
- swipe test/bulge sign
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Stability Tests edit
- Lachman's Test (most sensitive)
- Anterior drawer sign
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Tests edit
- Posterior drawer test
- PCL sag test
Collateral ligament evalutation edit
- Knee valgus stress test (Medial collateral ligament)
- Knee varus stress test (Lateral colalteral ligament)
Meniscus Evaluation edit
- McMurrays Test (external rotation and extension from full knee flexion for medial meniscal tear, internal rotation and extension for lateral mensicusus)
- Apley's compression test (grind home test)