Introduction to telecommunications
Introduction edit
Information has a variety of meanings, from everyday talks to High Tech settings. Generally, the concept of information is closely relavant to issues of communications, control, data, instruction, knowledge, meanining, pattern, perception, and representation.
Voice, Video, and Data edit
- Voice is practically the sound, that comes from our mouths and carried by sound waves. Sound waves can't carry it too far, so with a help of a microphone voice singals are converted to their electical equivalents, then carried by the electric wires. When the electric signal reaches destination, it is converted back to audio signal by a speaker.
- Video is a motion picture which is a quickly-changing image.. It works the same principle as an audio transmission, yet with a different information. Video camera converts the image to an electrical signal. The electrical signal travels through the electric wires, and reaches the destination. There it is converted back to visual by a TV.
Elements of the communication systems edit
- For humans, signal is a piece of meaningful information, yet the electrical/electronic definition of signal would be
- A signal is a physical, and time-dependant energy used to convey information through the transmission line.
- Source is the originator of message, also known as Transmitting End
- Transmitting equipment
- Receiving End
- Receiving equipment
Signals Carry edit
- Message - the information itself
- Meta data - the information the electronic transmitting media can require, which is
- messages' order
- message's length
- coding techniques
Signaling is a process of exchanging information on matter of the connection establishment, and managing telecom networks.
- Signals can be analog and digital.
Block Diagram Approach edit
Fundamental Laws edit
Social Aspects edit
Signals: Analog and Digital edit
Analogue Signals edit
By definition, an analogue signal is a signal which is continuous in both time and amplitude. Sine and Cosine functions may be considered as basis of analogue signals with the variable parameters of Amplitude, Frequency, and Phase.
Discrete Time Signals edit
Digital signals edit
Gain Loss and Decibels edit
Analog Transmission edit
Baseband vs Bandpass edit
Modulation edit
Amplitude Modulation edit
Frequency Modulation edit
Bandwidth edit
Analog to Digital Transmission edit
Filtering and Spectral Analysis edit
Signals and channels edit
Digital transmission edit
Digital Data and Transmission edit
Baud Rate edit
Techniques of Transmission edit
Encoding edit
Modems edit
Digital to Analog modulation edit
Multiplexing edit
Mechanics of Digital Transission edit
Transmission Media edit
MEDIA and ENERGY TYPE
Copper-Twisted( (UTP/STP)) = (E/T Electrical Energy)
Coaxial Cable = (E/T Electrical Energy)
Optical Fiber = (E/T Light / Laser)
Air = (E/T Sound)
Free Space = (E/T Elecotro Magnatice Waves)
Networks edit
Topologies edit
Physical Layout edit
Layers edit
Physical And Logical edit
Archtecture and Characteristics edit
Network Management edit
Bibliography and Credits edit
- NYC College of Technology, Introduction to Telecommunication course notes by professor D.K.Mynbaev, PhD
- ASA Institute course notes to the Intro to Telecom course by Eleonora Beniaminova.