Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Tiara

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich. 

TIA'RA or -AS (τιάρα or -ας). The tiara; a cap or fez, which formed the national head-covering of the Parthians, Armenians, Persians, and inhabitants generally of the north western districts of Asia. It consisted of a small skull-cap, made of cotton, and without stiffening, which was placed on the top of the head, so as to leave the front hair over the forehead uncovered, and kept from falling off by a narrow band tied round the occiput (Hieron. Ep. 64. n. 12. Val. Flacc. vi. 700.), precisely as shown by the annexed example (Tiara/1.1), from a bas-relief of Persepolitan sculpture.

2. Tiara recta. An upright tiara, the use of which was confined to kings only of those nations mentioned in the last paragraph (Senec. Ben. vi. 31.); and which, instead of being soft and flexible, like that worn by the other classes, was stiffened, so as to stand up like the crown of a hat, above the head, as exhibited by the annexed example (Tiara/2.1), representing Tigranes, king of Armenia, from a Syrian medal. In the Persian language, it was called cidaris.

3. Tiara Phrygia. The Phrygian tiara (Juv. vi. 516. Virg. Aen. vii. 254.); a term used by the Roman poets, instead of mitra, to designate the long flexible cap, or Phrygian bonnet, as we call it, which was tied under the chin by lappets (redimicula) covering the sides of the cheeks (Juv. l. c.) as in the annexed example (Tiara/3.1), from a Pompeian painting, representing Paris, the Phrygian shepherd.

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  Tiara/1.1
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  Tiara/2.1
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  Tiara/3.1