Generations
| Generation | Mccrindle | Pew | Strauss-Howe | Japanese Traditional Generations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arthurian | N/A | N/A | 1433-1460 (28) | |
| Humanist | 1461-1482 (22) | |||
| Reformation | 1483-1511 (29) | |||
| Reprisal | 1512-1540 (29) | |||
| Elizabethan | 1541-1565 (25) | |||
| Parliamentary | 1566-1587 (22) | |||
| Puritan | 1588-1617 (30) | |||
| Cavalier | 1618-1647 (30) | |||
| Glorious | 1648-1673 (26) | |||
| Enlightenment | 1674-1700 (27) | |||
| Awakening | 1701-1723 (23) | |||
| Liberty | 1724-1741 (18) | |||
| Republican | 1742-1766 (25) | |||
| Compromise | 1767-1791 (25) | |||
| Transcendental | 1792-1821 (30) | |||
| Gilded | 1822-1842 (21) | |||
| Progressive | 1843-1859 (17) | |||
| Missionary | 1860-1882 (23) | 明治一桁世代 (Meiji Hitoketa Sedai) 1868-1877 (10) | ||
| Lost | 1883-1900 (18) | 明治二桁世代 (Meiji Futaketa Sedai) 1878-1911 (34) | ||
| G.I. | ?-1924 | ?-1927 | 1901-1924 (24) | 大正世代 (Taisho Sedai) 1912-1925 (13) |
| Silent | 1925-1945 (21) | 1928-1945 (18) | 1925-1942 (18) | 昭和一桁世代 (Showa Hitoketa Sedai) 1926-1935 (10)
焼け跡世代 (Yakeato Sedai) 1935-1946 (12) |
| Baby boom | 1946-1964 (19) | 1946-1964 (19) | 1943-1960 (18) | 団塊世代 (Dankai "Boomer" Sedai) 1947-1950 (4)
しらけ世代 (Shirake Sedai) 1951-1964 (14) |
| Generation X | 1965-1979 (15) | 1965-1980 (16) | 1961-1981 (21) | バブル世代 (Baburu "Bubble" Sedai) 1965-1970 (6)
氷河期世代** (Hyougakki "Ice Age" Sedai) 1971-1981 (11) |
| Millennial | 1980-1994 (15) | 1981-1996 (16) | 1982-2005 (24) | プレッシャー世代 (Puresshaa "Pressure" Sedai) 1982-1986 (5)
ゆとり世代 (Yutori Sedai) 1987-1996 (10) |
| Generation Z | 1995-2009 (15) | 1997-2012 (16) | N/A | 脱ゆとり・さとり世代 (Datsu Yutori / Satori Sedai) 1997-2004 (8)
コロナ世代*** (Korona "COVID" Sedai) 2001-2014 (14) |
| Generation Alpha | 2010-2024 (15) | 2013-? | 2006-2029 (24) | TBD |
| Generation Beta | 2025-2039 (15) | TBD | 2030-early 2050s (20-25*) | TBD |
* = based on the definition of S&H generations being approximately 20-25 years.
** = This can further be divided up into 団塊ジュニア世代 (Dankai Jr. "Boomer Jr." Sedai) (early 1970s) and the rest ポスト団塊ジュニア世代 (Post Dankai Jr. Sedai) (late 1970s-1981)
*** = (As of 2024,) it is generally accepted as someone who was 5 (turning 6) to 19 years old in 2020 (start of COVID-19 pandemic), which likely affected their school years (K-12 and university). According to a 2022 survey from Japanese high school students, they considered themselves as コロナ世代. (However, it won't be confirmed until c. 2032 when all of them are 18 or older to see if this name stays). In the context of working, however, it can be defined as 1998-2006 (age 18-26 in 2024). This is because during the COVID pandemic (2020-2024), they became adults and were in university during part or all of this time period. There is also a chance that this could be the last Japanese traditional generation name because Japanese people are beginning to use the English generation names (e.g., Z世代・α世代).
| Birth year range | McCrindle | Pew | Strauss-Howe | Summary | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1433-1460 | N/A | N/A | Arthurian | Arthurian | |
| 1461-1482 | Humanist | Humanist | |||
| 1483-1511 | Reformation | Reformation | |||
| 1512-1540 | Reprisal | Reprisal | |||
| 1541-1565 | Elizabethan | Elizabethan | |||
| 1566-1587 | Parliamentary | Parliamentary | |||
| 1588-1617 | Puritan | Puritan | |||
| 1618-1647 | Cavalier | Cavalier | |||
| 1648-1673 | Glorious | Glorious | |||
| 1674-1700 | Enlightenment | Enlightenment | |||
| 1701-1723 | Awakening | Awakening | |||
| 1724-1741 | Liberty | Liberty | |||
| 1742-1766 | Republican | Republican | |||
| 1767-1791 | Compromise | Compromise | |||
| 1792-1821 | Transcendental | Transcendental | |||
| 1822-1842 | Gilded | Gilded | |||
| 1843-1859 | Progressive | Progressive | |||
| 1860-1882 | Missionary | Missionary | |||
| 1883-1900 | Lost | Lost | |||
| 1901-1924 | G.I. | G.I | |||
| 1925-1927 | Builder | Silent | G.I | Silent | |
| 1928-1942 | Silent | Silent | |||
| 1943-1945 | Baby Boom | Silent | Baby Boom | ||
| 1946-1960 | Baby Boom | Baby Boom | Baby Boom | ||
| 1961-1964 | Generation X | Baby Boom | Generation X | ||
| 1965-1979 | Generation X | Generation X | Generation X | ||
| 1980 | Generation Y | Generation X | Millennial | ||
| 1981 | Millennial | Generation X | Millennial | ||
| 1982-1994 | Millennial | Millennial | |||
| 1995-1996 | Generation Z | Millennial | Generation Z | ||
| 1997-2005 | Generation Z | Millennial | Generation Z | ||
| 2006-2009 | Homeland | Generation Z | Generation Alpha | ||
| 2010-2012 | Generation Alpha | Generation Z | Generation Alpha | ||
| 2013-2024 | TBD | Generation Alpha | |||
| 2025-2029 | Generation Beta | TBD | |||
| 2030-2039 | TBD | ||||
| Generation | Strictest | Probable | Broadest |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arthurian | 1433-1460 (28) | 1433-1460 (28) | 1433-1460 (28) |
| Humanist | 1461-1482 (22) | 1461-1482 (22) | 1461-1482 (22) |
| Reformation | 1483-1511 (29) | 1483-1511 (29) | 1483-1511 (29) |
| Reprisal | 1512-1540 (29) | 1512-1540 (29) | 1512-1540 (29) |
| Elizabethan | 1541-1565 (25) | 1541-1565 (25) | 1541-1565 (25) |
| Parliamentary | 1566-1587 (22) | 1566-1587 (22) | 1566-1587 (22) |
| Puritan | 1588-1617 (30) | 1588-1617 (30) | 1588-1617 (30) |
| Cavalier | 1618-1647 (30) | 1618-1647 (30) | 1618-1647 (30) |
| Glorious | 1648-1673 (26) | 1648-1673 (26) | 1648-1673 (26) |
| Enlightenment | 1674-1700 (27) | 1674-1700 (27) | 1674-1700 (27) |
| Awakening | 1701-1723 (23) | 1701-1723 (23) | 1701-1723 (23) |
| Liberty | 1724-1741 (18) | 1724-1741 (18) | 1724-1741 (18) |
| Republican | 1742-1766 (25) | 1742-1766 (25) | 1742-1766 (25) |
| Compromise | 1767-1791 (25) | 1767-1791 (25) | 1767-1791 (25) |
| Transcendental | 1792-1821 (30) | 1792-1821 (30) | 1792-1821 (30) |
| Gilded | 1822-1842 (21) | 1822-1842 (21) | 1822-1842 (21) |
| Progressive | 1843-1859 (17) | 1843-1859 (17) | 1843-1859 (17) |
| Missionary | 1860-1882 (23) | 1860-1882 (23) | 1860-1882 (23) |
| Lost | 1883-1900 (18) | 1883-1900 (18) | 1883-1900 (18) |
| G.I. | 1901-1924 (24) | 1901-1924 (24) | 1901-1927 (27) |
| Silent | 1928-1942 (15) | 1925-1945 (21) | 1925-1945 (21) |
| Baby Boom | 1946-1960 (15) | 1946-1964 (19) | 1943-1964 (22) |
| Generation X | 1965-1979 (15) | 1965-1980 (16) | 1961-1981 (21) |
| Millennial | 1982-1994 (13) | 1981-1996 (16) | 1980-2005 (26) |
| Generation Z | N/A | 1997-2009 (13) | 1995-2012 (18) |
| Generation Alpha | 2013-2024 (12) | 2010-? | 2006-2029 (24) |
| Generation Beta | TBD | TBD | 2025-? |
Notes
edit[a] Mccrindle's 'Builders' align best with other models' Silent Generation
[b] Mccrindle's 'Generation Y' aligns best with other models' Millennial Generation
[c] Whilst not explicit, any direct successor of Generation Z proposed by Pew Research Center must align best with other Mccrindle's 'Gen Alpha' and S&H's 'Homeland Generation'
[d] S&H's 'Homeland Generation' aligns best with Mccrindle's Gen Alpha
References
edithttps://mccrindle.com.au/article/topic/demographics/the-generations-defined/
https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2019/01/17/where-millennials-end-and-generation-z-begins/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strauss%E2%80%93Howe_generational_theory