• Original language: French
  • Original form and meaning: bivouac - 1. outdoor camp;

verb: bivouaquer - to camp in a bivouac


(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)


Language Form Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) Current Meaning and Status Earlier Meanings and Statusses Source
Catalan ... ... '...' '...' ...
Croatian ... ... '...' '...' ...
Czech ... ... '...' '...' ...
Danish bivuak, verb: bivuakere ... 'meaning 1' '...' ...
Dutch bivak,
verb: bivakkeren
... '...' '...' ...
English bivouac, verb: to bivouack 18c night guard
19c outdoor camp
'meaning 1;
verb: to camp in a bivouac'
'night guard' http://www.etymonline.com
Estonian ... ... '...' '...' ...
Finnish ... ... '...' '...' ...
French ... ... '...' '...' ...
Frisian ... ... '...' '...' ...
German Biwak,
verb: biwakieren
... 'meaning 1;
verb: to camp outside'
'...' ...
Hungarian ... ... '...' '...' ...
Irish ... ... '...' '...' ...
Italian bivacco,
verb: bivaccare
... 'meaning 1' '...' ...
Latvian ... ... '...' '...' ...
Lithuanian ... ... '...' '...' ...
Maltese ... ... '...' '...' ...
Norwegian ... ... '...' '...' ...
Polish ... ... '...' '...' ...
Portuguese bivaque,
verb: bivacar
... '...' '...' ...
Rumantsch ... ... '...' '...' ...
Slovak ... ... '...' '...' ...
Slovenian ... ... '...' '...' ...
Spanish vivaque, vivac,
verb: vivaquear
... 'meaning 1' '...' ...
Swedish bivack,
verb: bivackera
... 'meaning 1' '...' ...

Annotations

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Etymology: from Fr., ult. from Swiss/Alsatian biwacht "night guard," from bei- "double, additional" + wacht "guard." Original meaning was an army that stayed up on night watch; sense of "outdoor camp" is 1853. Not a common word in English before the Napoleonic Wars.

Source: http://www.etymonline.com


Information on Other Languages

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