EuroLex/F/Bivouac
< EuroLex
- Original language: French
- Original form and meaning: bivouac - 1. outdoor camp;
verb: bivouaquer - to camp in a bivouac
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | bivuak, verb: bivuakere | ... | 'meaning 1' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | bivak, verb: bivakkeren | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| English | bivouac, verb: to bivouack | 18c night guard 19c outdoor camp | 'meaning 1; verb: to camp in a bivouac' | 'night guard' | http://www.etymonline.com |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | Biwak, verb: biwakieren | ... | 'meaning 1; verb: to camp outside' | '...' | ... |
| Hungarian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | bivacco, verb: bivaccare | ... | 'meaning 1' | '...' | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Polish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Portuguese | bivaque, verb: bivacar | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | vivaque, vivac, verb: vivaquear | ... | 'meaning 1' | '...' | ... |
| Swedish | bivack, verb: bivackera | ... | 'meaning 1' | '...' | ... |
Annotations
editEtymology: from Fr., ult. from Swiss/Alsatian biwacht "night guard," from bei- "double, additional" + wacht "guard." Original meaning was an army that stayed up on night watch; sense of "outdoor camp" is 1853. Not a common word in English before the Napoleonic Wars.
Source: http://www.etymonline.com
Information on Other Languages
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