truck

  • Original language: English
  • Original form and meaning: n. 2 'a big lorry', +8 'a pivoted chassis of a railway or lorry', +9 'a forklift truck'


(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)


Language Form Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) Current Meaning and Status Earlier Meanings and Statusses Source
Catalan ... ... '...' '...' ...
Croatian trak ... the same as in English, see above, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English dito ...
Czech ... ... '...' '...' ...
Danish ... ... '...' '...' ...
Dutch truck = 2,+8: vrachtwagen; +9: heftruck [tryk] beg20c/end19c/1960s beg20c: 2, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; end19c: +8, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical); 1960s: +9, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; dito ...
English ... ... '...' '...' ...
Estonian ... ... '...' '...' ...
Finnish trukki beg20c +9, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; '...' ...
French ... ... '...' '...' ...
Frisian ... ... '...' '...' ...
German truck [trak] 1980s 2, status: restricted use: modern; dito ...
Hungarian truck [trak] 20c 2, status: restricted use: technical (military); +8, status: restricted use: technical; dito ...
Irish ... ... '...' '...' ...
Italian truck [trak] end20c 2, status: restricted use; dito ...
Latvian ... ... '...' '...' ...
Lithuanian ... ... '...' '...' ...
Maltese ... ... '...' '...' ...
Norwegian truck [= English] mid20c 2, status: restricted use: rare; +9, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; dito ...
Polish truck end20c 2, status: restricted use: technical; dito ...
Portuguese ... ... '...' '...' ...
Rumantsch ... ... '...' '...' ...
Slovak ... ... '...' '...' ...
Slovenian ... ... '...' '...' ...
Spanish truck [= English] mid20c 2,+9, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English dito ...
Swedish ... ... '...' '...' ...
  • Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.
  • Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: trukkur [th ryhkyr], mid20c, meaning: 2, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Romanian: truc [truk], mid20c, via French/German, meaning: +8, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical);,