EuroLex/E/Top 2
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top2
- Original language: English
- Original form and meaning: adj./cp 2 'highest in degree or importance'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | topp [= English] | end20c | the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; | dito | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | top [= English] | 1970s | the same as in English, see above, status: (nearly) identical to indigenous form in receptor language, form of semantic loan | dito | ... |
| English | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | top [= English] | uninfluenced, mid20c | the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use; | dito | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | top [= English] | uninfluenced, 1970s | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Hungarian | top [= English] | 1970s | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | top | 1960s | the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English | dito | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | topp [= English] | beg20c | the same as in English, see above, status: (nearly) identical to indigenous form in receptor language, form of semantic loan | dito | ... |
| Polish | top | uninfluenced, end20c | the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (colloquial, journalese) | dito | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | top [top] | 1970s | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
- Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.
- Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: topp-, mid/end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English (colloquial); Romanian: top [= English], 1980s, status: restricted use: journalese; Russian: top, 1990s, status: restricted use: journalese; Bulgarian: top, 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (journalese); Albanian: top, 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: modern; Greek: top, end20c, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (colloquial);,