EuroLex/E/Tonic
< EuroLex
tonic
- Original language: English
- Original form and meaning: n. +1a 'an invigorating cosmetic fluid', 2 'anything serving to invigorate', 3 'tonic water'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | tonik | end20c | 3, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; | dito | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | tonic [= English] | 1950s | 3, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; | dito | ... |
| English | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | tonic [= English] | midd20c | 3, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; | dito | ... |
| French | tonic [= English] | 1960s | +1a,3, status: restricted use: modern; | dito | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | tonic [= English] | 1970s | 3, status: restricted use: modern; | dito | ... |
| Hungarian | tonic/tonik [tonik] | 1970s | +1a, status: word comes from other source than English: Greek/Latin; 3, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; | dito | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | tonic < tonico (+1a)/ (aqua) tonica (3) | 1960s | 3, status: restricted use; | '...' | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | tonic [= English] | 1960s | +1a, status: restricted use: technical; mid20c: 3, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; | dito | ... |
| Polish | tonik | end20c | +1a,3, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; | dito | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | tónico (+1a)/ (aqua) tónica (3) | ... | +1a, status: (nearly) identical to indigenous form in receptor language, form of semantic loan; 3, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; | '...' | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
- Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.
- Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: tónik [th ou:nik], mid20c, meaning: +1a (rend 'andlitsvatn'), status: restricted use; 3, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Romanian: tonic < apa tonica (3) [tonik], 1970s, via French, meaning: +1a, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Russian: tonik, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (modern); Bulgarian: tonik, 1970s, meaning: 2,3, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Albanian: tonik, meaning: +1a,3, status: restricted use: youth; Greek: tonik, end20c, meaning: 3, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English;,