toner

  • Original language: English
  • Original form and meaning: n. 1 'a chemical bath for toning a photographic print', 2 'a powder used in xerographic copying processes'


(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)


Language Form Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) Current Meaning and Status Earlier Meanings and Statusses Source
Catalan ... ... '...' '...' ...
Croatian toner [toner] end20c 2, status: restricted use: technical dito ...
Czech ... ... '...' '...' ...
Danish ... ... '...' '...' ...
Dutch toner [to:nər] 1980s 2, status: restricted use: technical dito ...
English ... ... '...' '...' ...
Estonian ... ... '...' '...' ...
Finnish ... ... '...' '...' ...
French toner < encre 1980s 2, status: restricted use: technical, banned dito ...
Frisian ... ... '...' '...' ...
German toner [to:na] 1970s 2, status: restricted use: technical dito ...
Hungarian toner [to:ner] 1970s 2, status: restricted use: technical < fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical) dito ...
Irish ... ... '...' '...' ...
Italian toner 1980s 2, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical) dito ...
Latvian ... ... '...' '...' ...
Lithuanian ... ... '...' '...' ...
Maltese ... ... '...' '...' ...
Norwegian toner [tu:ner] 1980s 2, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English dito ...
Polish toner [toner] end20c 2, status: restricted use: modern dito ...
Portuguese ... ... '...' '...' ...
Rumantsch ... ... '...' '...' ...
Slovak ... ... '...' '...' ...
Slovenian ... ... '...' '...' ...
Spanish toner [toner] end20c 2, status: restricted use: technical < fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical) dito ...
Swedish ... ... '...' '...' ...
  • Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.
  • Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: toner [= English], end20c, meaning: 2, status: restricted use: technical; Romanian: toner [tonər], 1970s, meaning: 2, status: restricted use: technical; Russian: toner, end20c, meaning: 2, status: restricted use: technical; Bulgarian: toner, end20c, meaning: 2, status: restricted use: technical; Greek: toner = melani se skoni, end20c, meaning: 2, status: restricted use: technical;,